Search results for "SAHA"

Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2020

Abstract: Background Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global, regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to the additional risk of CKD from cardiovascular disease and gout. Methods Th…

Unexpected vertical structure of the Saharan Air Layer and giant dust particles during AER-D

2018

The Saharan Air Layer (SAL) in the summertime eastern Atlantic is typically well mixed and 3–4 km deep, overlying the marine boundary layer (MBL). In this paper, we show experimental evidence that at times a very different structure can be observed. During the AERosol properties – Dust (AER-D) airborne campaign in August 2015, the typical structure described above was observed most of the time, and was associated with a moderate dust content yielding an aerosol optical depth (AOD) of 0.3–0.4 at 355 nm. In an intense event, however, an unprecedented vertical structure was observed close to the eastern boundary of the basin, displaying an uneven vertical distribution and a very …

Préface de l'ouvrage de Claude Etienne Sissao "Processus d'installation et d'urbanisation en Afrique subsaharienne. Toponymie et gouvernance locale d…

2013

Une réévaluation de l'Objectif de Scolarisation Primaire Universelle sous l'angle des acquis scolaires

2013

Cette présentation a pour objectif de proposer une analyse comparative de la qualité de l'éducation au sein des pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Par qualité, nous entendons l'éducation non pas en termes d'allocations de moyen, mais de résultats de l'apprentissage des élèves. Il s'agit de la première analyse intégrant une trentaine de pays africains dans une optique de comparaison internationale des acquis scolaires. En fusionnant les deux évaluations existantes en Afrique subsaharienne, nous disposons d'indicateurs comparables sur les acquis des élèves pour 29 pays. Par ailleurs, étant donné que certains pays ont participé à plusieurs évaluations depuis les années 1990, il devient possible d'é…

Social Disparities in Education in Sub-Saharan African Countries

2007

In this paper we have two complementary objectives: the first is to describe the magnitude of social disparities that exist in the systems of education of sub-Saharan African countries; we focus on recent data but we also put these data in a time perspective. The second objective is to identify some of the factors that may explain these disparities and the impact of policies aimed at their reduction.

Du verbe instrumental dans la musique subsaharienne

2021

Sub-Saharan music results from the spoken language/instrumental language relation, directed by an oral culture. In this culture, these languages transmit ? beyond their singularities ? messages thanks to either a coded signal known by the linguistic community or previously defined among a group of individuals, or is used as a true meta-language copied on the articulated and usual language used every day. Here, an instrumental musical speech can then imitate and reproduce the tonal inflexions of the language to make its matter understandable. This fact is the natural result of a strong interaction and interrelation between the spoken language and the music as well as the conception that the …

Conflict management in the international context : analyzing the role of the United Nations in the Western Sahara conflict

2017

The United Nations is the most productive international organization in resolving international world conflicts. The UN uses different techniques and approaches to resolve international conflicts, including mediation. This study analyzes the process of mediation and international conflict management from the point of view of UN efforts in the Western Sahara conflict, which has been ongoing since 1975. This study specifically focuses on the UN’s role in resolving intercultural conflict in Western Sahara and the concrete steps it has taken, such as implementation of the cease-fire, the Settlement Plan and establishing the Mission for an independence referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO). It …

Atmospheric radiative effects of an in-situ measured Saharan dust plume and the role of large particles

2007

This work will present aerosol size distributions measured in a Saharan dust plume between 0.9 and 12 km altitude during the ACE-2 campaign 1997. The distributions contain a significant fraction of large particles of diameters from 4 to 30 μm. Radiative transfer calculations have been performed using these data as input. Shortwave, longwave as well as total atmospheric radiative effects (AREs) of the dust plume are investigated over ocean and desert within the scope of sensitivity studies considering varied input parameters like solar zenith angle, scaled total dust optical depth, tropospheric standard aerosol profiles and particle complex refractive index. The results indicate that the lar…

Analyze and simulation a dynamic of soil indicators fertility under different agricultural management practices in cotton area of Togo

2011

Using data observed during 20 to 40 years in different agro-ecosystems of Togo, we analyzed soil fertility dynamic under different agricultural management practices. Tree soil C models of varying complexity were tested, and the most accurate in terms of soil C dynamics description in these tropical soils was associated with the QUEFTS model and with nutrient partial balance to analyze the effect of each agricultural management practice. Results indicated that, although fertilizers N, P and K were continuously applied at a recommended rate by the research (RR) or at this rate increased in 50% (1.5RR), initial cotton and cereals yields of 1.5 to 2 t ha˗1 and 2 to 3 t ha˗1, respectively, decre…

DYNAMIQUES ET MUTATIONS TERRITORIALES DU SAHARA ALGERIEN VERS DE NOUVELLES APPROCHES FONDÉES SUR L'OBSERVATION

2007

For a century, the Algerian Saharan territories have been characterized by strong social and spatial mutations. Spatial and economic integration, which started with the French colonization, increased after the independence as a result of the State's voluntarism. The progressive and massive urbanization around 1950 deeply reconfigured the Saharan territories and led to the emergence of different kinds of tensions. These environmental, economic and social mutations question today the traditional balances and mechanisms of those territories. The increasing concentration of population generated environmental problems, increase of economic inequalities and, overall, emergence of structural spati…