Search results for "SCALES"
showing 10 items of 543 documents
The relevance of recurrent brief depression in primary care. A report from the WHO project on Psychological Problems in General Health Care conducted…
1994
This report from the WHO project on Psychological Problems in General Health Care examines the relevance in primary care of the concept of recurrent brief depression (RBD) proposed by Jules Angst. RBD refers to brief, severe depressive episodes that recur frequently, i.e. nearly once a month over, a 1-year period, according to Angst. Using a structured interview (CIDI), RBD was assessed in patients not meeting the criteria for depressive episodes lasting at least 2 weeks, as defined in the ICD-10 (DE). A substantial proportion of primary care seekers were identified as presenting RBD without other depressive disorders, 3.7% with a formal RBD diagnosis and 2.7% with frequent but not monthly …
Emotion recognition, emotional awareness and cognitive bias in individuals with bulimia nervosa
2008
Difficulties recognizing emotion have been reported for eating disordered individuals in relation to perception of emotions in others and emotional self-awareness. It remains unclear whether this is a perceptual or cognitive-affective problem. Clarification is sought and the question of a cognitive bias is addressed when interpreting facially expressed emotions. Twenty participants with bulimia nervosa (BN) and 20 normal controls (NC) were assessed for ability to recognize emotional and neutral expressions. Emotional self-awareness was also assessed. Significant differences were found for emotional self-awareness. For emotional faces, only a poorer recognition of the emotion, surprise, for …
Decreased benzodiazepine receptor binding in panic disorder measured by IOMAZENIL-SPECT. A preliminary report.
1994
Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) imaging of the central benzodiazepine receptor (BZr) became possible with the newly developed ligand 123I-IOMAZENIL. The BZr binding was investigated in ten patients with panic disorder (PP) compared to ten epileptic patients (EP). Panic patients had lower IOMAZENIL uptake rates in the frontal, occipital and temporal cortex than EP indicating the involvement of the BZr complex in panic disorder.
Association analysis of SCN9A gene variants with borderline personality disorder
2008
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious psychiatric disorder affecting about 1-2% of the general population. Key features of BPD are emotional instability, strong impulsivity, repeated self-injurious behavior (SIB) and dissociation. In the etiology of BPD and its predominant symptoms, genetic factors have been suggested. The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 is expressed in sensory neurons and in the hippocampus, a key region of the limbic system probably dysfunctional in BPD and dissociative disorders. The alpha-subunit of Nav1.7 is encoded by the SCN9A gene on chromosome 2 and variations of SCN9A can lead to complete inability to sense pain. The aim of the present study was t…
Effects of immunosuppressive drugs on the cognitive functioning of renal transplant recipients: A pilot study
2011
Some renal transplant patients show cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes as part of possible neurotoxic effects associated with immunosuppressive medication, especially tacrolimus. This study evaluated effects of immunosuppressive drugs on some cognitive tasks. Patients treated with sirolimus and cyclosporine reported some of the noncognitive side effects related to immunosuppressive treatment. We observed attention and working memory impairment in patients treated with sirolimus or tacrolimus. Performance of cyclosporine-treated subjects was similar to that of healthy volunteer controls. Since the mood, anxiety, and sleep patterns measured were unaffected, it could be concluded tha…
Fragile-X carrier females: evidence for a distinct psychopathological phenotype?
1996
The present study examined 35 mothers (29 premutation carriers) of children with fragile-X syndrome in measures of intelligence and psychiatric disorders by comparing them with two control groups: a) 30 mothers of children in the general population and b) 17 mothers of non-fra-X retarded children with autism. Premutation carriers had a higher frequency of affective disorders than mothers from the general population. Preliminary data indicate that normally intelligent premutation carriers of the fra-X genetic abnormality have a similar frequency of affective disorders (DSM-III-R criteria [APA, 1987]) than mothers of autistic children. Neither carriers of the premutation nor carriers of the f…
Adverse effects associated with the short-term treatment of panic disorder with imipramine, alprazolam or placebo
1994
Summary Side effects play a significant role in the selection of drugs to be used in panic disorder/agoraphobia whose polyphobic symptomatology often includes a suspiciousness about taking drugs and a fear of undesired side effects which may lead to the refusal of treatment. The safety, side effects and patients' acceptance of alprazolam and imipramine versus placebo were evaluated in 1168 subjects with panic disorder/agoraphobia who had been enrolled in the second phase of the Upjohn World Wide Panic Study. Side effects that worsened over baseline to a greater extent with alprazolam than with imipramine and placebo were sedation, fatigue/weakness, memory problems, ataxia and slurred speech…
Observational Prospective Natural History of Patients with Sanfilippo Syndrome Type B
2017
To evaluate the natural course of disease progression in patients with Sanfilippo syndrome type B (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB), identify potential end points for future therapy trials, and characterize biomarkers related to the disease.A prospective, multicenter study was conducted. Baseline, 6-month, and 12-month assessments included neurodevelopmental status (Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third edition), adaptive status (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition), volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid heparan sulfate, and urine glycosaminoglycan (GAG) measurements.Nineteen patients aged 1.6-31.7 years were enrolled. Over 12 months, cognition,…
Selenium status during pregnancy: Influential factors and effects on neuropsychological development among Spanish infants
2017
Selenium(Se) has been positively associated with neurodevelopment in early life. However, its margin of safety is rather narrow, and few prospective studies have evaluated its potential neurotoxic effects at intermediate levels. We aimed to explore the association between maternal Se concentrations and child neuropsychological development, including the genetic effect modification of the Se metabolizing gene INMT. Study subjects were 650 mother-child pairs from the Spanish Childhood and Environment Project (INMA, 2003-2005). Infant neuropsychological development was assessed around 12 months of age by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Sociodemographic and dietary characteristics were…
Reductions in circulating endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels in healthy human subjects exposed to chronic stressors
2016
Increasing evidence indicates that chronic stress, such as social isolation, plays an important role in the development of a variety of psychiatric and somatic disorders. Meanwhile, chronic stress imposed by prolonged isolation and confinement in the spacecraft is also one of the major concerns for the health of future interplanetary space travelers. Preclinical studies suggest that the peripheral endocannabinoid (eCB) system is involved in the regulation of the stress response and eCB signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of stress-related diseases. However, there are only few human studies addressing this topic, of which most focusing on patients who have already developed a certain…