Search results for "SCOPE"
showing 10 items of 2420 documents
The flourishing diversity of models in theoretical morphology: from current practices to future macroevolutionary and bioenvironmental challenges.
2008
17 pages; International audience; For decades, theoretical morphological studies of different groups of organisms have been successfully pursued in biological, paleontological, and computational contexts, often with distinct modeling approaches and research questions. A regular influx of new perspectives and varied expertise has contributed to the emergence of a veritable multidisciplinary outlook for theoretical morphology. The broadening of this discipline is reflected in a substantial increase in the number of models, leading to a bewildering diversity that has yet to be scrutinized. In this work, we tackle this issue in a synthetic fashion, with a quantitativemeta-analysis that allows a…
Interannual memory effects for spring NDVI in semi-arid South Africa
2008
[1] Almost 20 years of Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) and precipitation (PPT) data are analysed to better understand the interannual memory effects on vegetation dynamics observed at regional scales in Southern Africa (SA). The study focuses on a semi-arid region (25°S–31°S; 21°E–26°E) during the austral early summer (September–December). The memory effects are examined using simple statistical approaches (linear correlations and regressions) which require the definition of an early summer vegetation predictand (December NDVI minus September NDVI) and a consistent set of potential predictors (rainfall amount, number of rainy days, rainfall intensity, NDVI and Rain-Use-Efficie…
Mycotoxins in maize: mitigation actions, with a chain management approach
2020
Maize is the principal staple food/feed crop exposed to mycotoxins, and the co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins and their metabolites has been well documented. This review presents the infection cycle, ecology, and plant-pathogen interactions of Aspergillus and Fusarium species in maize, and current knowledge on maize chain management to mitigate the occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins. Preventive actions include at pre-harvest, as part of cropping systems, at harvest, and at postharvest, through storage, processing, and detoxification to minimize consumer exposure. Preventive actions in the field have been recognized as efficient for reducing the entrance of mycotoxins into production…
Spray-Drying Performance and Thermal Stability of L-Ascorbic Acid Microencapsulated with Sodium Alginate and Gum Arabic
2019
[EN] The potential of sodium alginate (ALG) and gum arabic (GA) as wall polymers for Lascorbic acid (AA) encapsulation as a tool for their preservation against the thermo-oxidative degradation was investigated. The influence of such polymers used as wall material on the AAcontent, size, encapsulation efficiency, encapsulation yield and thermo-oxidative stability were evaluated. The AA-microparticles were obtained using the spray-drying technique. An experimental Taguchi design was employed to assess the influence of the variables in the encapsulation process. The microparticles morphology and size distribution were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction. The the…
Method for 3D fibre reconstruction on a microrobotic platform
2015
Automated handling of a natural fibrous object requires a method for acquiring the three-dimensional geometry of the object, because its dimensions cannot be known beforehand. This paper presents a method for calculating the three-dimensional reconstruction of a paper fibre on a microrobotic platform that contains two microscope cameras. The method is based on detecting curvature changes in the fibre centreline, and using them as the corresponding points between the different views of the images. We test the developed method with four fibre samples and compare the results with the references measured with an X-ray microtomography device. We rotate the samples through 16 different orientatio…
Direct laser welding of pure titanium to austenitic stainless steel
2018
Abstract Direct butt joining of pure titanium to 316L stainless steel with continuous Yb:YAG laser was performed with variation of the beam offset from joint line. Mechanical properties of samples were evaluated by tensile tests and three-point flexural tests. The fractured surfaces and cross sections of welds were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Tensile properties of welds were strongly determined by the beam offset from joint line and are well described by Weibull statistics. Ultimate tensile strength of 174 ± 69 MPa and ultimate flexural strength of 297 ± 48 MPa were obtained. Brittle fracture took place in…
Impact des conditions d'usinage sur la zone du matériau affectée par le procédé
2007
Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.; International audience; Les procédés d'usinage peuvent créer des contraintes résiduelles à la surface des pièces usinées et ainsi modifier la microstructure et la texture de la matière proche de la surface. De tels changements sont importants pour l'étude du comportement des pièces au cours du temps. Il est alors nécessaire de quantifier les contraintes résiduelles, les composantes de texture et de déterminer la microstructure induite par l'usinage pour comprendre et prédire le comportement des surfaces considérées. Dans cette étude, le matériau cuivre pur a été choisi et considéré comme un "système modèle". En tournage, l'influence…
Sharing R&D investments in breakthrough technologies to control climate change
2017
This paper examines international cooperation on technological development as an alternative to international cooperation on GHG emission reductions. In order to analyze the scope of cooperation, a three-stage technology agreement formation game is solved. First, countries decide whether or not to sign up to the agreement. Then, in the second stage, the signatories (playing together) and the non-signatories (playing individually) select their investment in R&D. In this stage, it is assumed that the signatories not only coordinate their levels of R&D investment but also pool their R&D efforts to fully internalize the spillovers of their investment in innovation. Finally, in the third stage, …
Deep in the Dark: A Novel Threat Detection System using Darknet Traffic
2019
This paper proposes a threat detection system based on Machine Learning classifiers that are trained using darknet traffic. Traffic destined to Darknet is either malicious or by misconfiguration. Darknet traffic contains traces of several threats such as DDoS attacks, botnets, spoofing, probes and scanning attacks. We analyse darknet traffic by extracting network traffic features from it that help in finding patterns of these advanced threats. We collected the darknet traffic from the network sensors deployed at SURFnet and extracted several network-based features. In this study, we proposed a framework that uses supervised machine learning and a concept drift detector. Our experimental res…
The effect of photodynamic therapy and polymer solution containing nano-particles of Ag /ZnO on push-out bond strength of the sealers AH-Plus and MTA…
2017
BACKGROUND The aim of this in vitrostudy was to examine and compare the effect of photodynamic therapy and solution containing nano particles Ag/ZnO on adhesion of endodontic sealers to dentinal walls of human root canal. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninty single-rooted human teeth were selected and their clinical crown was cut from the cemento-enamel junction zone. Canals were prepared by RaCe rotary system and the smear layer was removed using 17% EDTA and 5.25% NaOCl. Samples were randomly divided into two groups of AH Plus and MTA Fillapex based on the sealer type and each group based on antimicrobial method was divided into two sub-groups of photodynamic therapy and polymer containing nano par…