Search results for "SECRETION"
showing 10 items of 764 documents
Long-term graft function of adult rat and human islets encapsulated in novel alginate-based microcapsules after transplantation in immunocompetent di…
2005
We describe the results of the first study to show that adult rat and human islets can be protected against xenogenic rejection in immunocompetent diabetic mice by encapsulating them in a novel alginate-based microcapsule system with no additional permselective membrane. Nonencapsulated islets lost function within 4–8 days after being transplanted into diabetic Balb/c mice, whereas transplanted encapsulated adult rat or human islets resulted in normoglycemia for >7 months. When rat islet grafts were removed 10 and 36 weeks after transplantation, the mice became immediately hyperglycemic, thus demonstrating the efficacy of the encapsulated islets. The explanted capsules showed only a …
Insulin sensitivity and secretion and adipokine profile in patients with Cushing’s disease treated with pasireotide
2018
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of pasireotide on β-cell and adipose function in patients with Cushing’s disease (CD). Methods: Clinical and hormonal parameters, insulin secretion evaluated by HOMA-β and by the area under the curve (AUC2h) of C-peptide during a mixed meal tolerance test and insulin sensitivity, evaluated by the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp, were evaluated in 12 patients with active CD, before and after 6 and 12 months of pasireotide. In addition, a panel of adipokines including leptin (Ob), leptin/leptin receptor ratio (Ob/Ob-R ratio), adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (AFABP) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) was evaluated at…
Meconium microbiota types dominated by lactic acid or enteric bacteria are differentially associated with maternal eczema and respiratory problems in…
2013
Background Culture-dependent methods have shown that meconium, the newborn's first intestinal discharge, is not sterile, but the diversity of bacteria present in this material needs to be further characterized by means of more sensitive molecular techniques. Objective Our aims were to characterize molecularly the meconium microbiota in term infants, to assess whether it contributes to the future microbiota of the infants' gastrointestinal tract, and to evaluate how it relates to lifestyle variables and atopy-related conditions. Methods We applied high-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to study the meconium microbiota in twenty term newborns from a Spanish birth cohort. For comp…
Evaluation of serum levels of soluble CD4, CD8 and β2-microglobulin in visceral human leishmaniasis
1994
SUMMARY The levels of soluble CD4 (sCD4), sCD8 and β2-microglobulin (β2-M) were measured in sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis during the course of infection. Levels of sCD4. sCD8 and β2-M were raised significantly above levels In normal sera and returned to the normal range after recovery. The decrease in the levels of CDS was related to a reduction of anaemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. In contrast, sCD4 levels fluctuated during the period of infection. β2-M returned within normal range more rapidly than sCD8 secretion. Our results suggest that T cells are activated during infection, and that it is also possible that the raised levels of these soluble molecules play a ro…
Maternal diet shapes the breast milk microbiota composition and diversity: impact of mode of delivery and antibiotic exposure
2020
BACKGROUND: Breast milk is a complex biofluid that provides nutrients and bioactive agents, including bacteria, for the development of the infant gut microbiota. However, the impact of maternal diet and other factors, such as mode of delivery and antibiotic exposure, on the breast milk microbiota has yet to be understood. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the association between maternal diet and breast milk microbiota and to ascertain the potential role of mode of delivery and antibiotic exposure. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of the MAMI cohort, breast milk microbiota profiling was assessed in 120 samples from healthy mothers by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Maternal dietary infor…
Reduced Sympathetic Innervation in Endometriosis is Associated to Semaphorin 3C and 3F Expression
2016
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and one of the most common causes of pelvic pain. The mechanisms underlying pain emergence or chronic inflammation during endometriosis remain unknown. Several chronic inflammatory diseases including endometriosis show reduced amounts of noradrenergic nerve fibers. The source of the affected innervation is still unclear. Semaphorins represent potential elicitors, due to their known role as axonal guidance cues, and are suggested as nerve repellent factors in different chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, semaphorins might influence the progress of neuroinflammatory mechanisms during endometriosis. Here, we analyzed the noradrenergic inner…
Carriage of Enterobacteria Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and Composition of the Gut Microbiota in an Amerindian Community
2015
ABSTRACT Epidemiological and individual risk factors for colonization by enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (E-ESBL) have been studied extensively, but whether such colonization is associated with significant changes in the composition of the rest of the microbiota is still unknown. To address this issue, we assessed in an isolated Amerindian Guianese community whether intestinal carriage of E-ESBL was associated with specificities in gut microbiota using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches. While the richness of taxa of the active microbiota of carriers was similar to that of noncarriers, the taxa were less homogeneous. In addition, species of four genera,…
Interferon-α Abrogates the Suppressive Effect of Apoptotic Cells on Dendritic Cells in anIn VitroModel of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pathogenesis
2013
Objective.An increased incidence of apoptotic cells and an increased activation of dendritic cells (DC) may be involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated the characteristics of apoptotic neutrophils and monocyte-derived DC of patients with SLE, their interaction, and the influence of autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines on this interaction.Methods.Kinetics of neutrophil apoptosis and DC activation were studied by flow cytometry. To analyze the interaction of apoptotic cells with phagocytes, crossover coculture experiments were performed with DC from patients with SLE and apoptotic Jurkat T cells as well as with apoptotic neutrophils from patient…
Assessment of the prevalence and characteristics of dens invaginatus in a sample of Turkish Anatolian population.
2009
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of dens invaginatus in anterior teeth and to classify the type of dens invaginatus in a sample of Turkish Anatolian population. Study design: A retrospective study was performed using full-mouth periapical and panoramic radiographs of 1012 patients. Maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were evaluated for the presence and characteristics of dens invaginatus. Statistical evaluation of the presence of dens invaginatus related to gender was performed by the Pearson chi-squared test. Results: Dens invaginatus was observed in 13 out of 1012 subjects and in only maxillary lateral incisors. There were no peri…
Sex-specific phenotypical and functional differences in peripheral human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells
2006
Abstract Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells constitute a minor proportion of human peripheral blood T cells that can expand rapidly upon infection with microbial pathogens. Vγ9/Vδ2 T cell numbers change characteristically with age, rising from birth to puberty and gradually decreasing again beyond 30 years of age. In adults, female blood donors have significantly higher levels than males, implying that circulating Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells in women remain elevated for a longer period in life and drop less strikingly than in men. This loss in men is accompanied by a substantial depletion of CD27−CD45RA− and CD27−CD45RA+ effector T cells and a parallel increase in CD27+CD45RA− central memory T cells while in women, the d…