Search results for "SECRETION"

Chemosensory signalling pathways involved in sensing of amino acids by the ghrelin cell

2015

AbstractTaste receptors on enteroendocrine cells sense nutrients and transmit signals that control gut hormone release. This study aimed to investigate the amino acid (AA) sensing mechanisms of the ghrelin cell in a gastric ghrelinoma cell line, tissue segments and mice. Peptone and specific classes of amino acids stimulate ghrelin secretion in the ghrelinoma cell line. Sensing of L-Phe occurs via the CaSR, monosodium glutamate via the TAS1R1-TAS1R3 while L-Ala and peptone act via 2 different amino acid taste receptors: CaSR & TAS1R1-TAS1R3 and CaSR & GPRC6A, respectively. The stimulatory effect of peptone on ghrelin release was mimicked ex vivo in gastric but not in jejunal tissue …

Effects of juvenile hormone analogues upon soldier differentiation in the termite Reticulitermes santonensis (Rhinotermitidae, Heterotermitinae).

2018

Under the influence of juvenile hormone analogues (JHAs), termite workers are induced to differentiate into soldiers. In Reticulitermes santonensis, such induced differentiation is often incomplete, resulting in intercaste production. The morphology of the structures most affected during differentiation was analyzed descriptively and biometrically in normal workers, presoldiers, and soldiers, and in experimental intercastes. We observed that intercastes form a morphological and biometrical continuum between workers and presoldiers (presoldier intercastes), and between presoldiers and soldiers (soldier intercastes). We also compared the biochemistry of the normal individuals and of the inter…

Risposta insulo-secretrice al carico endovenoso di tolbutamide

1968

Gli AA. hanno studiato il comportamento della risposta insulinemica dopo stimolazione con tolbutamide endovenosa in un piccolo gruppo di soggetti normali normosomici, obesi non diabetici e diabetici obesi. In tutti i soggetti il massimo aumento dell'insulinemia (determinata con metodo radio-immunologico) compare a 5 mp ed e maggiore negli obesi rispetto ai normali e ai diabetici. La caduta percentuale del picco insulinemico dimostra un andamento parallelo nei normali e negli obesi, mentre e molto piu lenta nei diabetici obesi. Vengono discusse le cause di questo comportamento e la natura dell'iperinsulinismo presente nell'obesita con e senza diminuita tolleranza agli idrati di carbonio.

Fat Distribution and Adipose Products in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2007

Because adipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ that secretes many substances with profound effects on metabolism and the cardiovascular (CV) system, most obese subjects have an increased CV risk. However, 20% of obese subjects are metabolically healthy, and many studies suggest that fat distribution, in particular abdominal fat excess, is the most important factor that determines a secretion of adipose products that may increase CV risk.

Clinical-therapeutic management of drooling: Review and update.

2010

Drooling is the uncontrolled leakage of saliva outside the mouth, generally as a result of difficulty in swallowing the saliva produced. Many factors contribute to drooling, though it is more commonly seen in children with brain paralysis - particularly those receiving anticonvulsivant medication. Drooling is also often seen in patients with lip sealing problems or malocclusions such as anterior open bite. Clinically, the affected patients can develop skin irritation or abrasions, problems of hygiene, unpleasant smell and - in the more severe presentations - the need to wear protectors or frequently change clothing. Treatment of this disorder is complex, and should be addressed from a multi…

THE EFFECT OF CLONIDINE ON ACID SECRETION STIMULATED BY HISTAMINE AND PENTAGRASTRIN IN THE ISOLATED MOUSE STOMACH

1978

Statins stimulate the production of a soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation end products

2013

The beneficial effects of statin therapy in the reduction of cardiovascular pathogenesis, atherosclerosis, and diabetic complications are well known. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays an important role in the progression of these diseases. In contrast, soluble forms of RAGE act as decoys for RAGE ligands and may prevent the development of RAGE-mediated disorders. Soluble forms of RAGE are either produced by alternative splicing [endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE)] or by proteolytic shedding mediated by metalloproteinases [shed RAGE (sRAGE)]. Therefore we analyzed whether statins influence the production of soluble RAGE. Lovastatin treatment of either mouse alveol…

Atrial natriuretic peptide secretion during development of the rat supraoptic nucleus

2009

Since a relationship between atrial natriuretic peptide and oxytocin was recently demonstrated in the heart (Gutkowska et al., 1997), the aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship between the two peptides is present also in the rat hypothalamus. For this purpose, we measured ANP-ontogeny in the rat hypothalamus immunohistochemically and compared it with oxytocin-ontogeny which we previously studied. The results showed that the ANP-peptide and mRNA-ANP start at the 18th day of the fetal life. Our earlier data for oxytocin in the rat hypothalamus showed that only mRNA-oxytocin appeared the 18th day of foetal life (Farina Lipari et al., 2001); thus, at the 18th day of foetal li…

28 Milrinone is Preferred to Levosimendan for Mesenteric Perfusion in Hypoxia-Reoxygenated Newborn Piglets on Dopamine

2010

28 Milrinone is Preferred to Levosimendan for Mesenteric Perfusion in Hypoxia-Reoxygenated Newborn Piglets on Dopamine

α-secretase mediated conversion of the amyloid precursor protein derived membrane stub C99 to C83 limits Aβ generation

2009

The Swedish mutation within the amyloid precursor protein (APP) causes early-onset Alzheimer's disease due to increased cleavage of APP by BACE1. While beta-secretase shedding of Swedish APP (APPswe) largely results from an activity localized in the late secretory pathway, cleavage of wild-type APP occurs mainly in endocytic compartments. However, we show that liberation of Abeta from APPswe is still dependent on functional internalization from the cell surface. Inspite the unchanged overall beta-secretase cleaved soluble APP released from APP(swe) secretion, mutations of the APPswe internalization motif strongly reduced C99 levels and substantially decreased Abeta secretion. We point out t…