Search results for "SEPSIS"

The Management of Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome. A Case Report

2016

Abstract Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is most frequently produced by TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1) and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and only rarely by enterotoxins A, C, D, E, and H. Various clinical pictures can occur depending on severity, patient age and immune status of the host. Severe forms, complicated by sepsis, are associated with a death rate of 50-60%. The case of a Caucasian female infant, aged seven weeks, hospitalized with a diffuse skin rash, characterized as allergodermia, who initially developed TSS with axillary intertrigo, is reported. TSS was confirmed according to 2011 CDC criteria, and blood cultures positive for Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (…

Validation of the Sepsis MetaScore for Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis

2016

What’s known on this subject Neonates are at increased risk for developing sepsis, but this population often exhibits ambiguous clinical signs that complicate the diagnosis of infection. No biomarker has yet shown enough diagnostic accuracy to rule out sepsis at the time of clinical suspicion. What this study adds We show that a gene-expression-based signature is an accurate objective measure of the risk of sepsis in a neonate or preterm infant, and it substantially improves diagnostic accuracy over that of commonly used laboratory-based testing. Implementation might decrease inappropriate antibiotic use. Background Neonatal sepsis can have devastating consequences, but accurate diagnosis i…

2020

BACKGROUND: Detailed descriptions of the patterns of disease progression of deceased coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have not been well explored. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to explore disease progression patterns and risk factors associated with mortality of deceased patients with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data (from 15 January to 26 March 2020) of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected retrospectively from two hospitals, Hubei province, China. Disease progression patterns of patients were analyzed based on laboratory data, radiological findings, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Ris…

COVID-19 Sepsis and Microcirculation Dysfunction

2020

The spreading of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, known as COVID-19, has caused a great number of fatalities all around the World. Up to date (2020 May 6) in Italy we had more than 28,000 deaths, while there were more than 205.000 infected. The majority of patients affected by COVID-19 complained only slight symptoms: fatigue, myalgia or cough, but more than 15% of Chinese patients progressed into severe complications, with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), needing intensive treatment. We tried to summarize data reported in the last months from several Countries, highlighting that COVID-19 was characterized by cytokine storm (CS) and endothelial dysfunction in severely ill patie…

Exploring the association between extra-cardiac troponin elevations and risk of future mortality

2019

Although the measurement of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) has now become the cornerstone for diagnosing cardiac injury, both ischemic and non-ischemic, recent evidence has become available that many patients display extra-cardiac causes of cTn elevations and carry a considerably enhanced risk of future mortality. The current literature data suggests that cTn elevations may be equally common in patients with cardiac and extra-cardiac diseases. Among the latter cohort of patients, the leading extra-cardiac diseases which may be responsible for either cTnI or cTnT elevations include infectious diseases/sepsis, pulmonary disorders, renal failure, malignancy, as well as gastrointestinal…

Impact of smoking on COVID-19 outcomes: a HOPE Registry subanalysis

2021

BackgroundSmoking has been associated with poorer outcomes in relation to COVID-19. Smokers have higher risk of mortality and have a more severe clinical course. There is paucity of data available on this issue, and a definitive link between smoking and COVID-19 prognosis has yet to be established.MethodsWe included 5224 patients with COVID-19 with an available smoking history in a multicentre international registry Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID-19 (NCT04334291). Patients were included following an in-hospital admission with a COVID-19 diagnosis. We analysed the outcomes of patients with a current or prior history of smoking compared with the non-smoking group. The primary …

Post-Infectious Myocardial Infarction: New Insights for Improved Screening

2019

Acute infection is suspected of involvement in the onset of acute myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to assess the incidence, pathogenesis and prognosis of post-infectious MI. All consecutive patients hospitalized for an acute MI in coronary care units were prospectively included. Post-infectious MI was defined by a concurrent diagnosis of acute infection at admission. Type 1 MI (acute plaque disruption) or Type 2 MI (imbalance in oxygen supply/demand) were adjudicated according to the universal definition of MI. From the 4573 patients admitted for acute MI, 466 (10%) had a concurrent acute infection (median age 78 (66–85) y, 60% male), of whom 313 (67%) had a respiratory tract infection.…

Platelet-activating factor type activity in plasma from patients with septicemia and other diseases

1991

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether increased levels of platelet-activating factor (PAF) type activity can be detected in plasma from patients with septicemia and other diseases. A level of PAF below 0.5 ng/mL of plasma was considered normal. We found that plasma from a patient with adverse anaphylactoidic reaction to intravenous analgetics contained 2.1 ng PAF/mL. In seven patients with septicemia, including urosepsis, endocarditis and peritonitis, and with positive blood culture, increased plasma PAF levels (1-20 ng PAF/mL) were observed. Other patients with clinical indications of septicemia had negative blood cultures and/or increased levels of C-reactive protein (…

Multi-body-site colonization screening cultures for predicting multi-drug resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteremia in hematological patie…

2022

Abstract Background To investigate the multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDRB) colonization rate in hematological patients hospitalized for any cause using a multi-body-site surveillance approach, and determine the extent to which this screening strategy helped anticipate MDRB bloodstream infections (BSI). Methods Single-center retrospective observational study including 361 admissions documented in 250 adult patients. Surveillance cultures of nasal, pharyngeal, axillary and rectal specimens (the latter two combined) were performed at admission and subsequently on a weekly basis. Blood culture samples were incubated in an automated continuous monitoring blood culturing instrument (BACTEC FX). …

Vasopressor and inotrope treatment for septic shock: An umbrella review of reviews

2021

Abstract Purpose To review the characteristics, findings and quality of systematic reviews (SRs) on the effect of any vasopressor/inotrope on outcomes in adult patients with sepsis compared with either no treatment, another vasopressor or inotrope or fluids. Materials and methods We systematically searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed and Embase (January 1993–March 2021). Descriptive statistics were used. Results Among the 28 SRs identified, mortality was the primary outcome in most (26/28) and mortality was usually (23/28) studied using randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Fifteen SRs focused exclusively on patients with sepsis or septic shock. Sepsis and septic s…