Search results for "SETS"
showing 10 items of 592 documents
Th9 cells, new players in adaptive immunity.
2014
Upon antigen-specific stimulation, naive CD4⁺ T cells have the potential to differentiate into various T helper (Th) cell subsets. Earlier models of Th cell differentiation focused on IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells and IL-4-secreting Th2 cells. The discovery of additional CD4⁺ Th cell subsets has extended our understanding of Th cell differentiation beyond this dichotomy. Among these is the recently described Th9 cell subset, which preferentially produces interleukin (IL)-9. Here, we review the latest developments in Th9 cell development and differentiation, focusing on contributing environmental signals, and discuss potential physiological and pathophysiological functions of these cells. We des…
Understanding the Role of T Cells in CNS Homeostasis.
2015
T cells within the central nervous system (CNS) have been generally considered pathogenic, especially in the context of neuroinflammatory disease. However, recent findings have revealed varied functions for T cells in the healthy CNS, as well as more complex roles for these cells in infection and injury than previously appreciated. Here we review evidence indicating important roles for different T cell subsets in the maintenance of CNS homeostasis. We examine the contribution of T cells in limiting inflammation and damage upon CNS injury, infection, and in neurodegeneration, and discuss the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Insight into these processes…
Assessment of the Potential Energy Hypersurfaces in Thymine within Multiconfigurational Theory: CASSCF vs. CASPT2
2016
The present study provides new insights into the topography of the potential energy hypersurfaces (PEHs) of the thymine nucleobase in order to rationalize its main ultrafast photochemical decay paths by employing two methodologies based on the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and the complete active space second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) methods: (i) CASSCF optimized structures and energies corrected with the CASPT2 method at the CASSCF geometries and (ii) CASPT2 optimized geometries and energies. A direct comparison between these strategies is drawn, yielding qualitatively similar results within a static framework. A number of analyses are performed to assess t…
A Comparative Analysis of the Electrophilicity of Organic Molecules between the Computed IPs and EAs and the HOMO and LUMO energies
2007
[EN] The electrophilicity index, omega, of a series of substituted ethylenes used in some relevant organic reactions has been evaluated from the ionization potential JP) and the electron affinity (EA) computed by vertical ionization at the B3LYP/aug-cc-PVTZ level. The corresponding electrophilicity values are well correlated with those obtained from the HOMO and LUMO energies of the neutral molecules. The good linear correlation found between omega(I,A) and omega(H,L)(LBS), and between omega(H,L)(LBS) and omega(H,L)(SBS) allows to confirm the use of the easily available B3LYP/6-31G(*) HOMO and LUMO energies to obtain reasonable values of the global electrophilicity index of organic molecule…
ChemInform Abstract: Two Triterpene Saponins from Achyranthes bidentata.
2010
Bidentatoside II (1) and chikusetsusaponin V methyl ester (2) are two further triterpene saponins isolated from the roots of Achyranthes bidentata. Chemical and homo and heteronuclear two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques have led to the structural elucidation of 1 which is a new seco-glycoside of oleanolic acid and the full 1H- and 13C-NMR assignments of 2. These compounds did not show any potentiation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of cisplatin in the HT 29 human colon cancer cell line.
Conflitti tra azioni esecutive civili e sequestri disposti dal giudice penale
2016
Lo scritto esamina le conseguenza prodotte dai sequestri penali sul patrimonio responsabile del debitore, al fine di approfondire la posizione dei creditori, che vorrebbero sui beni oggetto di sequestro penale. The essay deal with the consequences of penal freezing of the debtor's asset, with regard of the creditors' right to seize the debtor's assets to satisfy their rights.
Local minimizers and gamma-convergence for nonlocal perimeters in Carnot groups
2020
We prove the local minimality of halfspaces in Carnot groups for a class of nonlocal functionals usually addressed as nonlocal perimeters. Moreover, in a class of Carnot groups in which the De Giorgi's rectifiability Theorem holds, we provide a lower bound for the $\Gamma$-liminf of the rescaled energy in terms of the horizontal perimeter.
Cytokines in Colitis-Associated Cancer: Potential Drug Targets?
2008
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as UC and CD, the development of colorectal carcinoma can be initiated through chronic inflammation, depending on the duration and severity of the disease. Growing evidence supports a role for various cytokines, released by epithelial and immune cells, in the pathogenesis of colitis associated cancer (CAC). For instance, TNF-alpha has been recently shown to promote tumor development in experimental colitis. Due to its role in the pathogenesis of IBD, TNF-alpha blockade has become one of the cornerstones of IBD therapy. Thus, anti-TNF-alpha strategies could also provide effective anti-tumor therapies. TGF-beta has been shown to attenuate an anti-tumo…
THE ZONE MODULUS OF A LINK
2005
In this paper, we construct a conformally invariant functional for two-component links called the zone modulus of the link. Its main property is to give a sufficient condition for a link to be split. The zone modulus is a positive number, and its lower bound is 1. To construct a link with modulus arbitrarily close to 1, it is sufficient to consider two small disjoint spheres each one far from the other and then to construct a link by taking a circle enclosed in each sphere. Such a link is a split link. The situation is different when the link is non-split: we will prove that the modulus of a non-split link is greater than [Formula: see text]. This value of the modulus is realized by a spec…
A complete characterization of all weakly additive measures and of all valuations on the canonical extension of any finite MV-chain
2010
We consider extensions of the unique additive measure on a finite MV-chain to uncertainty measures on its canonical Girard algebra extension. If the underlying MV-chain has more than two non-trivial elements, in a previous paper we have proved the non-existence of strongly additive measure extensions, where strong additivity is defined as additivity not for all disjoint unions but only restricted to the so-called divisible disjoint unions. This negative result motivates to look for weakly additive measure extensions which are defined to be additive only on all MV-subalgebras of the canonical Girard algebra extension. We obtain a characterization of all such MV-subalgebras which are in fact …