Search results for "SIZE"

Patterns and causes of incongruence between plastid and nuclear Senecioneae (Asteraceae) phylogenies

2010

One of the longstanding questions in phylogenetic systematics is how to address incongruence among phylogenies obtained from multiple markers and how to determine the causes. This study presents a detailed analysis of incongruent patterns between plastid and ITS/ETS phylogenies of Tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae). This approach revealed widespread and strongly supported incongruence, which complicates conclusions about evolutionary relationships at all taxonomic levels. The patterns of incongruence that were resolved suggest that incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and/or ancient hybridization are the most likely explanations. These phenomena are, however, extremely difficult to distinguish beca…

Genética de la conservación: la aplicación de los conceptos de la evolución a la conservación de la diversidad biológica

2013

La comprensión de las fuerzas de cambio evolutivo que actúan sobre las poblaciones, en conjunción con las técnicas más modernas de análisis genético, lleva aplicándose en los últimos veinte años al servicio de la conservación de la biodiversidad. Esta nueva aplicación de la genética ha recibido el nombre de genética de la conservación.

Sexually selected traits evolve positive allometry when some matings occur irrespective of the trait

2014

Positive allometry of secondary sexual traits (whereby larger individuals have disproportionally larger traits than smaller individuals) has been called one of the most pervasive and poorly understood regularities in the study of animal form and function. Its widespread occurrence is in contrast with theoretical predictions that it should evolve only under rather special circumstances. Using a combination of mathematical modeling and simulations, here we show that positive allometry is predicted to evolve under much broader conditions than previously recognized. This result hinges on the assumption that mating success is not necessarily zero for males with the lowest trait values: for examp…

Aqueous foam as the carrier phase in the deposition of fibre networks

2015

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Growth and Profit Rate Distribution: The Spanish Case

2022

We analyse the time evolution of the empirical cross-sectional distribution of firms’ profit and growth rates. In particular, we analyse the conditional properties of the empirical distributions depending on the size of the firms and the business cycle phase. In order to do so, we employ the Laplace distribution as a benchmark, further considering the Subbotin and Asymmetric Exponential Power (AEP hereafter) distributions, to capture the potential asymmetry and leptokurtosis of the empirical distribution. Our results show that the profit rates of large firms are characterised by an asymmetric Laplace distribution with parameters largely independent of the business cycle phase. Small firms, …

Simultaneous Color Contrast in Goldfish— a Quantitative Study

1997

AbstractA set of 9–15 colored test fields was presented to goldfish. In Experiment 1, test field hues ranged from green through yellow to red; in Experiment 2, the hues varied from blue through gray to yellow. In the training conditions, the test fields were presented with a gray or black surround. The fish learned to choose one intermediate test field hue by rewarding them with food. In the test conditions, the color of the surround was changed from gray to green, or red (Experiment 1), and from black to blue, or yellow (Experiment 2). The choice behavior of the goldfish changed substantially: one of the test fields other than the training test field was preferred. Direction and strength o…

Fallzahlplanung in referenzkontrollierten Diagnosestudien

2002

Purpose: A tutorial illustration of a flexible approach to determine the sample size in reference-controlled diagnostic trials. Materials and Methods: Assuming the usual setting of a new diagnostic method to be compared with a reference method, the emphasis is on the sensitivity of the new method in comparison with the reference method, using a binary outcome (positive versus negative) for both methods. Based on the confidence interval of the sensitivity, a simple but flexible procedure for determining the sample size is described, which incorporates clinically interpretable information. The procedure is illustrated by the fictious planning of a trial to assess the diagnostic value of MRI v…

Entry Barriers of Small and Medium-sized Software Firms in the Japanese Market

2007

The Japanese software market size was 131,773 million U.S. dollars in 2004. Due to limited domestic software production, Japan is highly dependent on imported software products. Despite the market potential for foreign software firms in Japan, almost no research exists on what kind of challenges foreign software firms encounter when they are entering the market. To fill this gap, this paper investigates the entry barriers of small and medium-sized software firms in the Japanese market by using a multi case-study. The findings suggest that most of the barriers are firm-specific and mainly related to firms’ resources and capabilities to operate in the market. The entry barriers encountered al…

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF ACCOUNTING REQUIREMENTS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA

2010

The significance of small and medium enterprises (SME) including the development of micro enterprises has been emphasized more and more often in the national economic policy of many countries. This issue is also topical in the economy of Latvia, especially in the situation when it is necessary to revive and stimulate the economic activity in the country. Taking into account the measures planned by the European Commission and the amendments to the legislation of the Republic of Latvia and the planned measures regarding the support of SME as well as the differentiation of requirements in the field of accounting depending on the scale of activities the authors analyse the questions which are c…

Effect of the lack of primary stability in the survival of dental implants

2018

Background The survival of dental implants has been linked to primary stability. The aim of this study is to analyse the factors that influence the survival of dental implants placed without primary stability. Material and methods A cohort study of implants placed without primary stability was carried out between September 2011 and July 2016. All cases with registered information on the patient and surgical intervention were used. Cases that did not have a 12-month follow-up after implant placement were excluded. Results Out of 2,400 analysed implants, 92 were placed without primary stability. The absence of primary stability was classified as B in 49 cases, C in 38 cases and D in 5 cases. …