Search results for "STATISTICS"

Fuzzy sliding mode control design for a class of disturbed systems

2014

This paper discusses the problem of the fuzzy sliding mode control for a class of disturbed systems. First, a fuzzy auxiliary controller is constructed based on a feedback signal not only to estimate the unknown control term, but also participates in the sliding mode control due to the fuzzy rule employed. Then, we extend our theory into the cases, where some kind of system information can not be obtained, for better use of our theoretical results in real engineering. Finally, some typical numerical examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the designed sliding mode controller. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Strategical behaviours in French ambulatory care (a theoretical and empirical study)

1991

Specifying agency relationships between the different actors in ambulatory care - the patient, the physician, the insurance and public authorities - allows to render an account of the complexity and the specificity of the health system. After a presentation of the normative approach of the agency theory, we will focus on two agency relationships : the Relationship between the insurance and insured people and the relationship between the patient and the physician. The driving part of supply appears through the analysis of the relationship between the physician and the others : he is the agent of both the patient and public authorities. The issue is then the hypothesis of supplier induced dem…

An approach to hypothesis testing based on local indicators of spatio-temporal association

The detection of clustering structure in a point pattern is one of the major focus of attention in spatio-temporal data mining. For instance, statistical tools for clustering detection and identification of events belonging to clusters are welcome in epidemiology and seismology. Local second-order statistics can provide information on how an event relates to nearby events. We extend local indicators of spatial association (known as LISA functions) into the spatio-temporal context (which then will be called LISTA functions). These functions can be used for local tests in the context of case-control spatio-temporal point patterns, and are able to assess in the neighbourhood of each event if t…

Perceived threat or perceived benefit? Immigrants’ perception of how Finns tend to perceive them

2022

Research on how immigrants are perceived by locals has flourished extensively within the past decades. Through the lens of integrated threat theory and the threat benefit model, this study examines immigrants’ perceptions of how Finns tend to perceive them based on their lived experiences. In a sample of 103 immigrants from over 40 nationalities living in Finland, results indicate that overall, immigrants believe they are perceived more as a threat than a benefit to the Finnish society. Implications and opportunities for further research are discussed as well. peerReviewed

Teachers' attitudes and self-efficacy on implementing inclusive education in Japan and Finland: A comparative study using multi-group structural equa…

2018

Abstract This study aims to explore relationships between teachers' attitudes, self-efficacy, and background variables regarding inclusive education by using a sample of 359 Japanese and 872 Finnish teachers. A multi-group structural equation modelling was conducted to find similarities and differences in how the background variables predict teachers' attitudes and self-efficacy. Experience in teaching students with disabilities had a positive effect on teachers' attitudes and self-efficacy in both countries. However, teachers' teaching career and the amount of inclusive education training affected them differently in Japan and Finland. The findings could be used to improve inclusive educat…

Measuring pre-service teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education: Psychometric properties of the TAIS scale

2015

The Teachers’ Attitudes towards Inclusive Education (TAIS) scale was designed to measure pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion, as defined in the Salamanca Statement of UNESCO. The 10-item scale was developed using a sample of 185 final-year pre-service subject teachers. It was validated in four subsequent studies with various samples of teachers and pre-service teachers. The unidimensionality of the scale was established in all samples except the first-year students, and its validity was confirmed in psychometric analyses. The scale is suggested for use in intervention studies aiming to develop positive attitudes towards inclusion among teachers and pre-service teachers. peerRe…

Spectral dynamics of incoherent waves with a noninstantaneous nonlinear response

2013

We study the influence of a constant background noise on the dynamics of spectral incoherent solitons, which are incoherent structures sustained by a noninstantaneous (Raman-like) nonlinearity. As the level of the noise background increases, the incoherent wave enters a novel nonlinear regime characterized by oscillatory dynamics of the incoherent spectrum, which develop within a spectral cone during the propagation. In contrast to the conventional Raman-like spectral red shift, such incoherent spectral dynamics can be characterized by a significant spectral blue shift. On the basis of the kinetic wave theory, we derive explicit analytical expressions of these incoherent oscillatory spectra…

Statements About the Pervasiveness of Behavior Require Data About the Pervasiveness of Behavior

2020

Despite recent close attention to issues related to the reliability of psychological research (e.g., the replication crisis), issues of the validity of this research have not been considered to the same extent. This paper highlights an issue that calls into question the validity of the common research practice of studying samples of individuals, and using sample-based statistics to infer generalizations that are applied not only to the parent population, but to individuals. The lack of ergodicity in human data means that such generalizations are not justified. This problem is illustrated with respect to two common scenarios in psychological research that raise questions for the sorts of the…

The closer¿ the unsafer: may the lack of safe distance be a silent contributor to the burden of traffic crashes in Spain?

2020

Not keeping an adequate safe distance is one of the elements that are directly related to traffic accidents. The main objective of this research was to identify the aspects that modulate the safe distance-accidents relation. Specifically, the frequency and reasons why drivers do not keep the safe distance, the perception of drivers regarding the probability of penalty, the penalties imposed and their severity, and the drivers’ opinion on the effectiveness of such penalties in order to change this behavior. A questionnaire was administrated to a sample of 1,100 Spanish drivers having any kind of driving license. The results showed that only the 5,6% of drivers always or sometimes do not keep…

Recent statistical advances and applications of species distribution modeling

2019

En el mundo en que vivimos, producimos aproximadamente 2.5 quintillones de bytes de datos por día. Esta enorme cantidad de datos proviene de las redes sociales, Internet, satélites, etc. Todos estos datos, que se pueden registrar en el tiempo o en el espacio, son información que puede ayudarnos a comprender la propagación de una enfermedad, el movimiento de especies o el cambio climático. El uso de modelos estadísticos complejos ha aumentado recientemente en el contexto del estudio de la distribución de especies. Esta complejidad ha hecho que los procesos inferenciales y predictivos sean difíciles de realizar. El enfoque bayesiano se ha convertido en una buena opción para lidiar con estos m…