Search results for "STELLAR"
showing 10 items of 1237 documents
Neutrino pair annihilation near accreting, stellar-mass black holes
2006
We investigate the energy-momentum deposition due to neutrino-antineutrino annihilation in the vicinity of axisymmetric, accreting black holes (BHs) by numerically ray-tracing neutrino trajectories in a Kerr space-time. Hyperaccreting stellar-mass BHs are widely considered as energy sources that can drive ultrarelativistic outflows with the potential to produce gamma-ray bursts. In contrast to earlier works, we provide an extensive and detailed parameter study of the influence of general relativistic (GR) effects and of different neutrinosphere geometries. These include idealized thin disks, tori, and spheres, or are constructed as non-selfgravitating equilibrium matter distributions for va…
Mass Accretion Processes in Young Stellar Objects: Role of Intense Flaring Activity
2014
According to the magnetospheric accretion scenario, young low-mass stars are surrounded by circumstellar disks which they interact with through accretion of mass. The accretion builds up the star to its final mass and is also believed to power the mass outflows, which may in turn have a significant role in removing the excess angular momentum from the star-disk system. Although the process of mass accretion is a critical aspect of star formation, some of its mechanisms are still to be fully understood. On the other hand, strong flaring activity is a common feature of young stellar objects (YSOs). In the Sun, such events give rise to perturbations of the interplanetary medium. Similar but mo…
A stellar flare-coronal mass ejection event revealed by X-ray plasma motions
2019
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs), often associated with flares, are the most powerful magnetic phenomena occurring on the Sun. Stars show magnetic activity levels up to 10^4 times higher, and CME effects on stellar physics and circumstellar environments are predicted to be significant. However, stellar CMEs remain observationally unexplored. Using time-resolved high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of a stellar flare on the active star HR 9024 observed with Chandra/HETGS, we distinctly detected Doppler shifts in S XVI, Si XIV, and Mg XII lines that indicate upward and downward motions of hot plasmas (~10-25 MK) within the flaring loop, with velocity v~100-400 km/s, in agreement with a model of fl…
Evolutionary paths of binaries with a neutron star - I. The case of SAX J1808.4 - 3658
2018
The evolutionary status of the low mass X-ray binary SAX J1808.4-3658 is simulated by following the binary evolution of its possible progenitor system through mass transfer, starting at a period of $\sim$6.6 hr. The evolution includes angular momentum losses via magnetic braking and gravitational radiation. It also takes into account the effects of illumination of the donor by both the X-ray emission and the spin down luminosity of the pulsar. The system goes through stages of mass transfer and stages during which it is detached, where only the rotationally powered pulsar irradiates the donor. We show that the pulsar irradiation is a necessary ingredient to reach SAX J1808.4-3658 orbital pe…
High resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and analysis of the ν 6 band of jet-cooled Mo(CO) 6
2000
Abstract Rovibrational FTIR spectra of Mo(CO) 6 have been recorded in supersonic argon expansions at 0.004 cm −1 resolution. Rotational constants have been determined for the ν 6 fundamental band of Mo( 12 CO) 6 and for the parallel band of the symmetric top isotopomer Mo( 13 CO)( 12 CO) 5 . From these results, a precise estimate of the Coriolis parameter for the ν 6 band of the main isotopomer Mo( 12 CO) 6 is derived, necessary for the analysis of the ν 6 spectrum. The observation of an octahedral splitting clearly resolved for the highest J-lines in the R branch prompted the use of a specific treatment based on the tensorial formalism developed by J.P. Champion, M. Loete, G. Pierre (Spher…
Modeling And Measurements Of The Arc Plasma In A Mixture Of Gases
2006
Radial distributions of Ar mass fractions and temperatures in plasmas produced in a wall-stabilized arc have been calculated. Modeling have been performed for many different mixtures of Ar+N2 and three different arc currents. The obtained results show that the radial distributions of Ar mass fractions strongly depend on the chemical composition of the plasma. In plasmas containing large amount of Ar the distributions have local minima at the arc axis (in high temperature plasma regions), whereas in plasmas consisting mainly of nitrogen the distributions reveal maxima on the discharge axis. Those features seem to be connected with the dissociation of the nitrogen.
Temperature dependence of the rate constant of hydrogen isotope interactions with a lithium capillary-porous system under reactor irradiation
2013
Abstract Experiments with a sample of a lithium capillary-porous system (CPS) were performed at the reactor IVG-1.M of the Institute of Atomic Energy NNC RK to study the effects of neutron irradiation on the parameters of hydrogen isotope interactions with a lithium CPS. The absorption technique was used during the experiments, and this technique allowed the temperature dependences of the hydrogen isotope interaction rate constants with the lithium CPS to be obtained under various reactor powers. The obtained dependencies were used to determine the main interaction parameters: the activation energies and the pre-exponents of the Arrhenius dependence of the hydrogen interaction rate constant…
H-2, H-3(+) and the age of molecular clouds and prestellar cores
2012
Measuring the age of molecular clouds and prestellar cores is a difficult task that has not yet been successfully accomplished although the information is of paramount importance to help in understanding and discriminating between different formation scenarios. Most chemical clocks suffer from unknown initial conditions and are therefore difficult to use. We propose a new approach based on a subset of deuterium chemistry that takes place in the gas phase and for which initial conditions are relatively well known. It relies primarily on the conversion of H 3 + into H 2D + to initiate deuterium enrichment of the molecular gas. This conversion is controlled by the ortho/para ratio of H2 that i…
Oxygen depletion in dense molecular clouds: a clue to a low O2 abundance?
2011
Context: Dark cloud chemical models usually predict large amounts of O2, often above observational limits. Aims: We investigate the reason for this discrepancy from a theoretical point of view, inspired by the studies of Jenkins and Whittet on oxygen depletion. Methods: We use the gas-grain code Nautilus with an up-to-date gas-phase network to study the sensitivity of the molecular oxygen abundance to the oxygen elemental abundance. We use the rate coefficient for the reaction O + OH at 10 K recommended by the KIDA (KInetic Database for Astrochemistry) experts. Results: The updates of rate coefficients and branching ratios of the reactions of our gas-phase chemical network, especially N + C…
A KInetic Database for Astrochemistry (KIDA)
2012
We present a novel chemical database for gas-phase astrochemistry. Named the KInetic Database for Astrochemistry (KIDA), this database consists of gas-phase reactions with rate coefficients and uncertainties that will be vetted to the greatest extent possible. Submissions of measured and calculated rate coefficients are welcome, and will be studied by experts before inclusion into the database. Besides providing kinetic information for the interstellar medium, KIDA is planned to contain such data for planetary atmospheres and for circumstellar envelopes. Each year, a subset of the reactions in the database (kida.uva) will be provided as a network for the simulation of the chemistry of dense…