Search results for "STIMULATION"

Thermographic Analysis of Tooth Vascularization Using Thermal Stimulation

2018

Objective: The current pulp diagnostic techniques based on subjective patient response to electrical or thermal stimuli are unable to assess tooth vascularization, which is a true indicator of pulp vitality. The present study evaluates thermography as a pulp vitality test, assessing tooth recovery following thermal stimulation. Methods: A model simulating intrapulpal circulation was developed. Superficial thermographic measurements were obtained from teeth with and without elevation of the intracoronal temperature before and after applying thermal stress with cold. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the level of significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The model …

The effects of the tricyclic antidepressants desipramine, doxepin and iprindole on the isolated perfused rabbit heart.

1974

1. The right sympathetic nerves of isolated perfused rabbit hearts were stimulated electrically (1 msec, supramaximal strength, 15 sec) with increasing frequencies (0.25–20 Hz) at 3 min intervals before and 20 min after starting perfusion with desipramine, doxepin or iprindole. Ventricular rate, right atrial and right ventricular tensions were recorded using the transverse method. 2. Sympathic nerve stimulation caused ventricular arrhythmias in the presence of desipramine (3.3 and 5.0 · 10−6 M) and doxepin (1.6−4.7×10−6 M) but failed to produce arrhythmias in hearts not exposed to drugs, or after iprindole, cocaine and atropine. 3. When desipramine or doxepin was added to Tyrode solution co…

Wirkung und Wechselwirkung von Theophyllin und Chinin auf die neuromuskuläre Übertragung und die elektromechanische Kopplung am M. gastrocnemius

1982

It has been reported that theophylline improves the effect of quinine in relieving patients from nocturnal muscle cramps. We therefore examined the actions and interactions of quinine and theophylline on mechanical and electrical properties of the rabbit’s N. ischiadicus — M. gastrocnemius nerve-muscle preperation in situ. Maximal tension, rate of rise of tension, contraction time, relaxation time and latency of single maximal twitch, evoked by electrical stimulation of N. ischiadicus were measured before and after i.p. or iv. application of therapeutic doses of quinine and theophylline given alone or in combination. In addition, changes of conduction velocities of action potentials of the …

Bilateral taste disorders in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome and Bell palsy

2018

OBJECTIVE Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) and Bell palsy (BP) are typically known as facial nerve motor syndromes and are primarily unilateral. The aim of this study was to challenge this assertion, because both conditions are also known to be associated with viruses that typically affect several nerves. METHODS Ten participants with RHS, 12 with BP, all clinically unilateral, and 12 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. Electrogustometric thresholds were measured bilaterally in the areas of the chorda tympani, the glossopharyngeal, and the major petrosal nerve. Also bilaterally, the taste function was tested using chemogustometry with different tastant concentrations. Again bilaterally,…

A range of pulses commonly used for human transcranial ultrasound stimulation are clearly audible.

2021

CHANGES IN ALBINO RAT TESTICLE INTERSTITIAL CELLS AFTER PITUITARY STIMULATION IN VIVO WITH HeNe LASER

1995

Population I Leydig cells of the central part of the Albino rat testicle showed signs of increased but nonspecific activity in the entire series of experimental animals compared with sham irradiated controls (n = 30 in each group) after anterior pituitary stimulation with low incident energy levels of the HeNe laser at 632.8 nm with an incident power at the pituitary calculated as 2.75 ± 0.25 mW. The authors conclude that LLLT applied to the pituitary in the rat model at the parameters used in the present study may have an effect on testosterone production. Further quantitative and qualitative work is required to assess the significance of the increase in activity of type I Leydig cells and…

Non-genomic effects of progesterone on the signaling function of G protein-coupled receptors

1999

Progesterone at concentrations between 10 microM and 200 microM affected the calcium signaling evoked by ligand stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors expressed in several cell lines. At 160 microM progesterone the signaling of all receptors was completely abolished. The effect of progesterone was fast, reversible and was not prevented by cycloheximide indicating its non-genomic nature. Overall, the action of progesterone was more cell type-specific than receptor-specific. Our results are in contrast to a recent report [Grazzini, E., Guillon, G., Mouillac, B. and Zingg, H.H. (1998) Nature 392, 509-512] in which a direct high-affinity interaction between the oxytocin receptor and progest…

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is critically involved in basal and fluoxetine-stimulated adult hippocampal cell proliferation and in anxiety,…

2011

Intensive research is devoted to unravel the neurobiological mechanisms mediating adult hippocampal neurogenesis, its regulation by antidepressants, and its behavioral consequences. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is expressed in the CNS, where its function is unknown. Here, we show, for the first time, the relevance of MIF expression for adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We identify MIF expression in neurogenic cells (in stem cells, cells undergoing proliferation, and in newly proliferated cells undergoing maturation) in the subgranular zone of the rodent dentate gyrus. A causal function for MIF in cell proliferation was shown using genetic (M…

Hamster Bcl-2 Protein Is Cleaved in Vitro and in Cells by Caspase-9 and Caspase-3

2001

Full-length cDNA of hamster bcl-2 (771 nt) was cloned by RT-PCR and inserted into pGEX-4T-1 to produce the recombinant hamster Bcl-2 protein. The purified recombinant Bcl-2 protein (26.4 kDa) was used as a substrate for the active human caspase-3 and caspase-9 in vitro. It is shown here that Bcl-2 is efficiently cleaved by caspase-3 to a 23 kDa fragment. Although not possessing a putative caspase-9 cleavage site in its sequence, hamster Bcl-2 was also cleaved by caspase-9 into exactly the same 23 kDa cleavage product, indicating that cleavage occurred at the same site. Caspase-3- and caspase-9-mediated cleavage of Bcl-2 was efficiently blocked by caspase-3 (zDEVD) and caspase-9 (zLEHD) inhi…

A novel numerical meshless approach for electric potential estimation in transcranial stimulation

2015

In this paper, a first application of the method of fundamental solutions in estimating the electric potential and the spatial current density distribution in the brain due to transcranial stimulation, is presented. The coupled boundary value p roblems for the electric potential are solved in a meshless way, so avoiding the use of grid based numerical methods. A multi-spherical geometry is considered and numerical results are discussed.