Search results for "STIMULATION"
showing 10 items of 2192 documents
Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in drug-resistant depression.
1996
Summary Background Lesion and neuroimaging studies suggest that left prefrontal lobe dysfunction is pathophysiologically linked to depression. Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to prefrontal structures has a lateralised effect on mood in normal volunteers, and several preliminary studies suggest a beneficial effect of rTMS on depression. However, adequately controlled studies have not been conducted. Methods We have studied the effects of focal rTMS on the depressive symptoms in 17 patients with medication-resistant depression of psychotic subtype. The study was designed as a multiple cross-over, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Sham rTMS and stimulation of different c…
Does sound stimulation have additive effects on cognitive-behavioral treatment of chronic tinnitus?
2003
Psychological and physiological habituation are major goals in the treatment of patients suffering from chronic tinnitus. This study evaluates whether sound stimulation provided by use of low level white noise generators (NG) enhances the effects of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT). 124 outpatients with tinnitus of >6 months received manualized group treatment and were randomly assigned to the NG/no NG conditions. Those with moderate tinnitus-related distress obtained four sessions focusing on education, while severely distressed subjects were treated according to a full 10-session CBT program. Outcome was assessed at post-treatment and at 6- and 18-month follow-up. No additive effects …
"…The times they aren't a-changin'…" rTMS does not affect basic mechanisms of temporal discrimination: a pilot study with ERPs.
2014
In time processing, the role of different cortical areas is still under investigation. Event-related potentials (ERPs) represent valuable indices of neural timing mechanisms in the millisecond-to-second domain. We used an interference approach by repetitive TMS (rTMS) on ERPs and behavioral performance to investigate the role of different cortical areas in processing basic temporal information. Ten healthy volunteers were requested to decide whether time intervals between two tones (S1-S2, probe interval) were shorter (800 ms), equal to, or longer (1200 ms) than a previously listened 1000-ms interval (target interval) and press different buttons accordingly. This task was performed at the b…
Safety and Efficacy of Microporous Polysaccharide Hemospheres in Neurosurgery
2011
BACKGROUND: Effective hemostasis is mandatory for brain tumor surgery. Microporous polysaccharide hemosphere (MPH) powder, a white powder compounded from potato starch, was recently introduced for surgical and emergency application. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of MPHs in brain tumor surgery. METHODS: Thirty-three patients (mean age, 58 years; range, 22-84 years) underwent microsurgical brain tumor resection. Final hemostasis was performed by topical application of MPHs, video recorded, and subsequently analyzed. Blood samples were taken before surgery, before application of hemospheres, and postoperatively. Volume measurements of the tumor, resection cavity, and postopera…
Modulating memory performance in healthy subjects with Trancranial Direct Current Stimulation over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
2015
Objective: The role of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) in recognition memory has been well documented in lesion, neuroimaging and repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the left and the right DLPFC during the delay interval of a non-verbal recognition memory task. Method: 36 right-handed young healthy subjects participated in the study. The experimental task was an Italian version of Recognition Memory Test for unknown faces. Study included two experiments: in a first experiment, each subject underwent one session of sham tDCS and one session of…
Laparoscopic neuromapping in pelvic surgery: scopes of application.
2013
Background. New developments in intraoperative electrophysiological neuromonitoring for conventional surgery are providing further insights into functional neuroanatomy and nerve-sparing in the minor pelvis. The aim of this study was to open up potential scopes of application in laparoscopy. Methods. Ten patients with different indications for surgery (presacral tumor excision, n = 2; resection rectopexy. n = 2; low anterior rectal resection, n = 2; proctocolectomy. n = 2; abdomino-perineal excision of the rectum, n = 2) were investigated prospectively. The pelvic autonomic nerves were bilaterally mapped by laparoscopic electric stimulation under simultaneous electromyography of the intern…
Validity of Pelvic Autonomic Nerve Stimulation With Intraoperative Monitoring of Bladder Function Following Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Canc…
2005
This prospective study was designed to clarify whether the results of the intraoperative stimulation of parasympathetic pelvic nerves performed in 31 patients after mesorectal excision for rectal carcinoma allowed predictions in terms of the postoperative bladder function of the patients.After monopolar stimulation of the splanchnic pelvic nerves using a constant voltage stimulator (Screener 3625), intravesical pressure increase was measured manometrically. The results were related to the postoperative residual urine volume, requirement of recatheterization and long-term catheterization, just as to the results of the validated International Prostatic Symptom Scores and the Quality of Life I…
Proteinuric effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy subjects and diabetic patients with stage 3-4 CKD
2013
BackgroundMany authors have investigated the numerous connections between the nervous system and kidneys, and recent literature has indicated that these similar systems are interconnected. Recent scientific works have shown that there is similarity between the cerebral cortex 'viscera representation' and the 'motor omunculus'. We studied the connection between the brain and kidney in vivo using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Proteinuria and albuminuria were used as markers of renal response in patients with diabetes (DP) and in a group of healthy subjects (HSs) who received rTMS for 5 consecutive days.MethodsThe study population consists of the following four groups: G…
Passive exposure to speech sounds modifies change detection brain responses in adults
2019
In early life auditory discrimination ability can be enhanced by passive sound exposure. In contrast, in adulthood passive exposure seems to be insufficient to promote discrimination ability, but this has been tested only with a single short exposure session in humans. We tested whether passive exposure to unfamiliar auditory stimuli can result in enhanced cortical discrimination ability and change detection in adult humans, and whether the possible learning effect generalizes to different stimuli. To address these issues, we exposed adult Finnish participants to Chinese lexical tones passively for 2 h per day on 4 consecutive days. Behavioral responses and the brain's event-related potenti…
Sex differences in interhemispheric communication during face identity encoding: Evidence from ERPs
2013
Sex-related hemispheric lateralization and interhemispheric transmission times (IHTTs) were examined in twenty-four participants at the level of the first visual ERP components (P1 and N170) during face identity encoding in a divided visual-field paradigm. While no lateralization-related and sex-related differences were reflected in the P1 characteristics, these two factors modulated the N170. Indeed, N170 amplitudes indicated a right hemisphere (RH) dominance in men (and a more bilateral functioning in women). N170 latencies and the derived IHTTs confirmed the RH advantage in men but showed the reverse asymmetry in women. Altogether, the results of this study suggest a clear asymmetry in m…