Search results for "STING"
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Ca-abh�ngige Membranpotential�nderungen am Herzen und ihre Bedeutung f�r die elektro-mechanische Kopplung. Versuche mit Tetrodotoxin in Na-haltigen L…
1969
1. Tetrodotoxin (TTX), at a concentration of less than 10−6 g/ml, had no effect on membrane potential and contraction of isolated, thin ventricular trabeculae of sheep and calf hearts. 10−6 to 2 × 10−5 g/ml TTX decreased the rate of rise, over-shoot, and duration (phase of 90% repolarisation) of the action potential and the amplitude of contraction, without change in the resting potential and the plateau (20% repolarisation phase) of the action potential. Excitation block regularly occurred only with 10−5 to 2×10−5 g/ml TTX. 2. In a solution containing Na and TTX (5×10−6-2×10−5 g/ml) graded depolarisation was possible if the preparations were stimulated by square wave pulses of 500 msec dur…
Two-stage adaptive designs with correlated test statistics.
2005
When performing a trial using an adaptive sequential design, it is usually assumed that the data for each stage come from different units; for example, patients. However, sometimes it is not possible to satisfy this condition or to check whether it is satisfied. In these cases, the test statistics and p-values of each stage may be dependent. In this paper we investigate the type I error of two-stage adaptive designs when the test statistics from the stages are assumed to be bivariate normal. Analytical considerations are performed under the restriction that the conditional error function is constant in the continuation region. We show that the decisions can become conservative as well as an…
Multivariate equivalence tests for use in pharmaceutical development.
2014
Statistical equivalence analyses are well-established parts of many studies in the biomedical sciences. Also in pharmaceutical development and manufacturing equivalence testing methods are required in order to statistically establish similarities between machines, process components, or complete processes. This article presents a choice of multivariate equivalence testing procedures for normally distributed data as generalizations of existing univariate methods. In all derived methods, variability is interpreted as nuisance parameter. The use of the proposed methods in pharmaceutical development is demonstrated with a comparative analysis of dissolution profiles.
Relationships betweenin vitrodrug dissolution andin vivoresponse
2012
In recent years there has been an effort to relate manufacturing variables to the performance of the dosage form from a clinical point of view (in terms of safety and efficacy). Consequently any control strategy or the establishment of meaningful specifications should take into consideration the clinical impact on the patient. Since plasma levels are considered to be one of the most useful surrogates for clinical safety (in that bioequivalent plasma levels are considered therapeutically equivalent) and dissolution is the best surrogate for bioavailability, it is a natural consequence that dissolution be used to establish the design space in which all the formulations would have similar safe…
High-repetition-rate source delivering optical pulse trains with a controllable level of amplitude and temporal jitters
2020
International audience; We theoretically propose and numerically validate an all-optical scheme to generate optical pulse trains with varying peak-powers and durations. A shaping of the spectral phase thanks to discrete /2 phase shifts enables an efficient phase-to-intensity conversion of a temporal phase modulation based on a two-tone sinusoidal beating. Experiments carried out at telecommunication wavelengths and at a repetition rate of 10 GHz confirm the ability of our approach to efficiently generate a train made of pulses with properties that vary from pulse-to-pulse. The levels of jitters can be accurately controlled.
Concurrent molecular dynamics simulation of spinodal phase transition on transputer arrays
1990
Abstract We describe a concurrent implementation on cost-effective transputer arrays of a molecular dynamics program to efficiently simulate physical systems consisting of thousands of mobile particles with an interaction range much shorter than the system dimensions. This program, which uses a geometric decomposition strategy and includes a distributed dynamic load balancer, has been extensively tested by simulating the two-dimensional spinodal phase separation of a large Lennard-Jones system.
Social phenotype extended to communities: expanded multilevel social selection analysis reveals fitness consequences of interspecific interactions.
2014
In social species, fitness consequences are associated with both individual and social phenotypes. Social selection analysis has quantified the contribution of conspecific social traits to individual fitness. There has been no attempt, however, to apply a social selection approach to quantify the fitness implications of heterospecific social phenotypes. Here, we propose a novel social selection based approach integrating the role of all social interactions at the community level. We extended multilevel selection analysis by including a term accounting for the group phenotype of heterospecifics. We analyzed nest activity as a model social trait common to two species, the lesser kestrel (Falc…
Maternal phenylketonuria in two Sicilian families identified by maternal blood phenylalanine level screening and identification of a new phenylalanin…
1999
not available
Recombinant water-soluble chlorophyll protein from Brassica oleracea var. Botrys binds various chlorophyll derivatives.
2003
A gene coding for water-soluble chlorophyll-binding protein (WSCP) from Brassica oleracea var. Botrys has been used to express the protein, extended by a hexahistidyl tag, in Escherichia coli. The protein has been refolded in vitro to study its pigment binding behavior. Recombinant WSCP was found to bind two chlorophylls (Chls) per tetrameric protein complex but no carotenoids in accordance with previous observations with the native protein [Satoh, H., Nakayama, K., Okada, M. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 30568-30575]. WSCP binds Chl a, Chl b, bacteriochlorophyll a, and the Zn derivative of Chl a but not pheophytin a, indicating that the central metal ion in Chl is essential for binding. WSCP …
The Existence of Chlorophyll c in the Chl b‐Containing, Light‐Harvesting Complex of the Green Alga Mantoniella squamata (Prasinophyceae)
1988
The prasinophycean alga Mantoniella contains, in addition to Chl a and b, at least a third green pigment which is functionally active in the light-harvesting antenna. This third Chl was isolated in order to elucidate its chemical structure. The absorption and fluorescence spectra were measured not only from the purified pigment but also from its pheophytin and its methylpheophorbide. The spectra were compared with those of authentic Chl c-1 and c-2, which were isolated from the diatom Nitzschia sp. and with Mg-DVPP (purified from Rhodobacter). The results show that the pigment from Mantoniella compares best with Chl c-1. In order to clarify the spectral data, Chl c-1 and c-2, Mg-DVPP, and t…