Search results for "STRESS"

Structural and regulatory functions of keratins.

2007

The diversity of epithelial functions is reflected by the expression of distinct keratin pairs that are responsible to protect epithelial cells against mechanical stress and to act as signaling platforms. The keratin cytoskeleton integrates these functions by forming a supracellular scaffold that connects at desmosomal cell-cell adhesions. Multiple human diseases and murine knockouts in which the integrity of this system is destroyed testify to its importance as a mechanical stabilizer in certain epithelia. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the precise mechanisms responsible for assembly and disease pathology. In addition to these structural aspects of keratin function, experimental e…

Role of humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, in cardiovascular disorders

2020

The mitochondria produce specific peptides-mitochondrial-derived peptides-that mediate the transcriptional stress response by their translocation into the nucleus and interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid. Mitochondrial-derived peptides are regulators of metabolism. This class of peptides comprises humanin, mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S ribosomal ribonucleic acid type c (MOTS-c) and small humanin-like peptides (SHLPs). Humanin inhibits mitochondrial complex 1 activity and limits the level of oxidative stress in the cell. Data show that mitochondrial-derived peptides have a role in improving metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Perhaps humanin can be used as a marker f…

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in response of human laryngeal carcinoma cells to carboplatin but is absent in carboplatin resistant cells

2013

The major obstacle of successful tumor treatment with carboplatin (CBP) is the development of drug resistance. In the present study, we found that following treatment with CBP the amount of platinum which enters the human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2)-derived CBP- resistant (7T) cells is reduced relative to the parental HEp2. As a consequence, the formation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) is reduced, the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is diminished, the amount of inter- and intrastrand cross-links is lower, and the induction of apoptosis is depressed. In HEp2 cells, ROS scavenger tempol, inhibitor of ER stress salubrinal, as well as gene silencing of ER stress marker CCAAT/…

Instabilities Effects in Thin Film Solar Cells: Reversible Ageing, Performance Recovery and Improvement by Electrical Stresses

Role of nuclear glutathione as a key regulator of cell proliferation.

2009

Glutathione (GSH) is essential for survival of eukaryotic but not in prokaryotic cells. Its functions in nucleated cells are far from being known. In fact GSH plays an important role in cell proliferation. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the relationship between glutathione and the important events that take place in the nucleus during the cell cycle. Most GSH co-localizes with nuclear DNA when cells are proliferating. However, when cells were confluent no differences between nucleus and cytoplasm could be seen. A number of relevant nuclear proteins are strictly dependent on nuclear redox status. For instance, we found that telomerase is regulated by shifts in glutathione …

Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Role of Oxotremorine-M, a Non-selective Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Agonist, in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer …

2022

AbstractAlzheimer disease (AD) is a multifactorial and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder, whose pathogenesis, classically associated with the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, is also dependent on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation chronicization. Currently, the standard symptomatic therapy, based on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, showed a limited therapeutic potential, whereas disease-modifying treatment strategies are still under extensive research. Previous studies have demonstrated that Oxotremorine-M (Oxo), a non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptors agonist, exerts neurotrophic functions in primary neurons, and modulates oxidative stress and …

Cellular stress positively regulates the expression of Myc promoter-Binding Protein-1 (MBP-1).

2012

Experimental results of RC columns strengthnened with Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Mortars

2012

The structural behaviour of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with a system made up of fibre nets embedded in an inorganic stabilized cementitious matrix was investigated. Specimens with circular and square cross-section were cast and subjected to monotonic uniaxial compression to investigate the efficiency of a Polypara-phenylene-benzo-bisthiazole (PBO) Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Mortars (FRCM) system in increasing both carrying capacity and ductility. The experimental results show that confinement with PBO fibre produced a noticeable increment in strength and ductility, though the low mechanical ratios of fibre considered were not always able to ensure hardening behaviour up to …

Severe neonatal onset of glycogenosis type IV: Clinical and laboratory findings leading to diagnosis in two siblings

2005

Glycogenosis type IV is an autosomal recessive disease, exceptionally diagnosed at birth: only very few reports of the fatal perinatal neuromuscular form have been described. We report on two sibling male newborns who died at 10 and 4 weeks of age with clinical signs of a systemic storage disease. Prenatal history included polyhydramnios, reduced fetal movements and fetal hydrops, and Caesarean section was performed at 36 weeks of gestational age because of fetal distress. At birth, both babies showed severe hypotonia, hyporeflexia and no spontaneous breathing activity. They never showed active movements, sucking and swallowing and were respirator-dependent until death. A muscle biopsy reve…

Molecular mechanisms involved in the hormonal prevention of aging in the rat.

2008

Previous data from our group have provided support for the role of GH, melatonin and estrogens in the prevention of aging of several physiological parameters from bone, liver metabolism, vascular activity, the central nervous system (CNS), the immune system and the skin. In the present work data on the molecular mechanisms involved are presented. A total of 140 male and female rats have been submitted to different treatments over 10 weeks, between 22 and 24 months of age. Males have been treated with GH and melatonin. Females were divided in two groups: intact and castrated at 12 months of age. The first group was treated with GH and melatonin and the second with the two latter compounds an…