Search results for "STRESS"
showing 10 items of 6278 documents
Oxidative stress tolerance, adenylate cyclase, and autophagy are key players in the chronological life span of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during winema…
2012
Most grape juice fermentation takes place when yeast cells are in a nondividing state called the stationary phase. Under such circumstances, we aimed to identify the genetic determinants controlling longevity, known as the chronological life span. We identified commercial strains with both short (EC1118) and long (CSM) life spans in laboratory growth medium and compared them under diverse conditions. Strain CSM shows better tolerance to stresses, including oxidative stress, in the stationary phase. This is reflected during winemaking, when this strain has an increased maximum life span. Compared to EC1118, CSM overexpresses a mitochondrial rhodanese gene-like gene, RDL2, whose deletion lead…
DNA damage by bromate: Mechanism and consequences
2005
Abstract Exposure of mammalian cells to bromate (BrO3−) generates oxidative DNA modifications, in particular 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanine (8-oxoG). The damaging mechanism is quite unique, since glutathione, which is protective against most oxidants and alkylating agents, mediates a metabolic activation, while bromate itself does not react directly with DNA. Neither enzymes nor transition metals are required as catalysts in the activation. The ultimate DNA damaging species has not yet been established, but experiments under cell-free conditions suggest that neither molecular bromine nor reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide or singlet oxygen are involved. Rather bromine …
Fanconi's anaemia cells have normal steady-state levels and repair of oxidative DNA base modifications sensitive to Fpg protein
1998
Abstract Cells from Fanconi's anaemia (FA) patients are abnormally sensitive to oxygen. However, a distinct genetic defect in either the cellular defence against reactive oxygen species (ROS) or in their metabolic generation has not been identified to date. Recently, the gene for the human 8-hydroxyguanine (8-oxoG) glycosylase, which removes this oxidative base modification from the genome, has been localized on chromosome 3p25, i.e., in the same region as the FA complementation group D (FAD) gene. We therefore studied the removal of photosensitization-induced 8-oxoG residues from the DNA of FA cells, using Fpg protein, the bacterial 8-oxoG glycosylase, to quantify the lesions by alkaline e…
tert-Butoxyl radicals generate mainly 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine in DNA.
2000
Abstract Like hydroxyl radicals, alkoxyl radicals have been implicated in the generation of cellular oxidative DNA damage under physiological conditions; however, their genotoxic potential has not yet been established. We have analyzed the DNA damage induced by a photochemical source of tert- butoxyl radicals, the water soluble peroxy ester [4-( tert -butyldioxycarbonyl)benzyl]triethylammonium chloride (BCBT), using various repair endonucleases as probes. The irradiation (UV 360 ) of BCBT in the presence of bacteriophage PM2 DNA was found to generate a DNA damage profile that consisted mostly of base modifications sensitive to the repair endonuclease Fpg protein. Approximately 90% of the mo…
Extracellular cyclic GMP and its derivatives GMP and guanosine protect from oxidative glutamate toxicity.
2013
Cell death in response to oxidative stress plays a role in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and can be studied in detail in the neuronal cell line HT22, where extracellular glutamate causes glutathione depletion by inhibition of the glutamate/cystine antiporter system xc(-), elevation of reactive oxygen species and eventually programmed cell death caused by cytotoxic calcium influx. Using this paradigm, we screened 54 putative extracellular peptide or small molecule ligands for effects on cell death and identified extracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as a protective substance. Extracellular cGMP was protective, whereas the cell-permeable cGMP analog 8-pCPT-cGMP or the …
Akutes Lungenversagen bei Malaria tropica in der Schwangerschaft: Erfolgreiche Behandlung durch extrakorporale CO2-Elimination
2008
Eine 32jahrige Schwangere (26. Schwangerschaftswoche) erkrankte am 6. Tag nach der Ruckkehr von einem Indonesienaufenthalt mit Fieber bis 42°C, hamolytischer Anamie (Hamoglobin 7,6 g/dl) und Thrombozytopenie (7000/µl). Es wurde eine Malaria diagnostiziert; eine Prophylaxe hatte sie nicht durchgefuhrt. Unter antiparasitarer Chemotherapie mit Chloroquin, Chinin und Pyrimethamin kam es zur Elimination der Parasiten (Makrogametozyten von Plasmodium falciparum) aus dem peripheren Blut. Im weiteren Verlauf entwickelte sich jedoch ein progredientes Lungenversagen und eine therapierefraktare Pneumonie, die zu einem »adult respiratory distress syndrome« (ARDS; Morel-Stadium 4) fuhrten. Bei drohendem…
Prädiktoren von lebenslanger Delinquenz
2006
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Unterscheidung zwischen jugendgebundener und persistierender Delinquenz ist von theoretischer und praktischer Relevanz. Fragestellung: Relevante Merkmale für persistierende Delinquenz sollen identifiziert werden. Methode: Frühe Delinquenz, belastende Lebensereignisse, Copingstile und Persönlichkeitsvariablen wurden an 241 männlichen Straftätern untersucht. Ergebnisse: Straftäter mit langen Haftstrafen unterschieden sich von solchen mit kürzerer Haftdauer in der Persönlichkeitsstruktur sowie dem Bewältigungsverhalten. Früheres aggressives, antisoziales Verhalten leistete keinen substanziellen Anteil zur Gruppentrennung, während das Ausmaß schw…
Psychological distress in critically ill patients: Risk and protective factors
2020
Abstract : Despite the importance of patients’ psychological well-being in their own recovery from illness, few studies examine these issues while the patient is still in ICU. This study analyzes the psychological distress of 71 ICU patients and the potential risk/protective factors for such distress. Patients showed moderate anxiety and depression although in a significant percentage clinical symptomatology was observed. More than halve of the patients revealed an intermediate general stress level and the most important stressor was having pain. Regarding risk factors for psychological distress, being a woman increased the risk for anxiety, depression and stress. Being a septic patient als…
Prevalence of Levator Ani Defects in Urogynecological Patients
2016
Introduction: Defects of the levator ani muscle complex could represent a pathophysiological link between vaginal birth trauma and urogynecological symptoms many years later. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of levator ani muscle defects using 3D or 4D ultrasound and palpation in urogynecological patients. Material and Methods: Urogynecological patients were retrospectively investigated using 3D or 4D ultrasound. Clinical examination consisted of palpation and 3D or 4D imaging of the levator ani muscle. Results: A total of 319 women were included in the analysis. Mean age was 64.9 years, average parity was 2.1. Stress incontinence was present in 50.8 %, overactive bladde…
Neue Perspektiven der laparoskopischen Simulation: Vom Studententrainingslabor bis zur Stressevaluation
2008
Hintergrund: Die Anwendung eines LapSim®-Trainingsmodells im Studententrainingslabor sowie die objektive Evaluation von Stress in einem virtuellen Operations-Szenario bieten neue Perspektiven der laparoskopischen Simulation. Methodik: Im Studententrainingslabor erfolgte bei 28 Probanden am LapSim® Virtual-Reality (VR)-Simulator in einem Trainingscurriculum, bestehend aus 9 Einheiten, die Erfassung von Lernkurven laparoskopischer Basisfertigkeiten sowie komplexer Prozesse. In einem virtuellen Operations-Szenario wurde des Weiteren bei 18 Chirurgen eine Stressevaluation mittels eines Sympathikografen vorgenommen und dabei die laparoskopische Fehler- und Komplikationsrate erfasst. Hierbei konn…