Search results for "STRESS"

Pathophysiology of polymorphonuclear leukocyte in arterial hypertension

2009

This review shows how polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) play a pivotal role in the development of the organ injury that is associated with arterial hypertension. Elevated white blood cell count and higher levels of PMNs activation are risk factors for arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Spontaneously activated PMNs release proinflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species, which have negative effects on vascular tone and on their adhesion to the endothelium. The oxidative stress in hypertensive PMNs is revealed by increased NADPH-oxidase production and lipid peroxidation and by decreased cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase concentrations. The overexpression of…

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular disease: from marvel to menace.

2006

Nitric oxide (NO·) is an important protective molecule in the vasculature, and endothelial NO· synthase (eNOS) is responsible for most of the vascular NO· produced. A functional eNOS oxidizes its substrate l -arginine to l -citrulline and NO·. This normal function of eNOS requires dimerization of the enzyme, the presence of the substrate l -arginine, and the essential cofactor (6 R )-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- l -biopterin (BH 4 ), one of the most potent naturally occurring reducing agents. Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, or chronic smoking stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species in the vascular wall. Nicotinamide adenine dinu…

Pathophysiology, diagnosis and prognostic implications of endothelial dysfunction

2008

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic smoking as well as in patients with heart failure has been shown to be at least in part dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Methods to quantify endothelial dysfunction include forearm plethysmography, flow-dependent dilation of the brachial artery, finger-pulse plethysmography, pulse curve analysis, and quantitative coronary angiography after intracoronary administration of the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine. S…

Targeting Heme-Oxidized Soluble Guanylate Cyclase

2007

Increased peripheral vascular resistance is a hallmark of advanced chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) and contributes to the phenomenon of increased afterload that complicates that condition. Multiple factors have been proposed to contribute to this phenomenon, such as increased sodium water content of the vasculature, increased activation of neurohormonal vasoconstrictor forces, and intrinsic abnormalities of the vasculature. During the past decade, it has also been shown that CHF is associated with a severe degree of endothelial dysfunction in experimental animals, as well as in humans. Given that the endothelium, as well as endothelium-dependent vasodilation, plays a crucial role in …

Smoking-induced preconditioning: acute, but not chronic, smoking paradoxically protects the endothelium from ischemia and reperfusion

2013

Correlation between a marker of oxidative stress and few indexes of endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertensive patients

2005

Glutathione-dependent resistance of the European eel Anguilla anguilla to the herbicide molinate

2001

Eels of species Anguilla anguilla were exposed to 5/4 LC50 (41.8 mg/l) of the herbicide molinate for 96 h in a time to death (TTD) test. Glutathione content (GSx, GSH, GSSG), glutathione reductase (GR) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) activities were determined in the liver and muscle tissues of dead and surviving (intoxicated) animals and compared to control values (non-exposed eels). TTD was positively correlated to hepatic GSH, GSH:GSSG ratio, hepatic and muscular GR, but negatively correlated to muscular GSH, which was severely depleted. Furthermore, glutathione and enzyme activities were intercorrelated, especially GSH and GR. These results indicate that eels which were abl…

Ambulatory assessment as a means of longitudinal phenotypes characterization in psychiatric disorders

2014

Abstract Ambulatory Assessment (AA) comprises the use of in-field methods to assess individuals’ behavior, physiology, and the experience as they unfold in naturalistic settings. We propose that AA is favorable for the investigation of gene–environment interactions and for the search for endophenotypes, being able to assess the experienced environment and to track basic regulatory processes, such as stress reactivity, affective instability, and reward experience, which are potential common factors that underlie psychiatric disorders. In this article, we (a) first describe briefly the rationale of AA and summarize the key advantages of the approach, (b) highlight within-subject regulatory pr…

Emotional Distress Following Childbirth: An Intervention to Buffer Depressive and PTSD Symptoms.

2015

Childbirth for some women is a negative experience associated with depressive and post-traumatic symptoms. The preventive actions focusing on helping mothers to cope with negative emotions experienced after childbirth are strongly recommended. It is also recommended both to intervene early and on all women to avoid the risk that these symptoms can worsen in the months after childbirth. The intervention described in the current study is focalized on the elaboration of post-partum negative thoughts and emotion through a writing task, with the purpose to help new mothers to reflect, understand, evaluate and, thus, reformulate the stressful situation with new beliefs and emotions. 176 women age…

Utility of Periodontal exploration in patients with Fibromyalgia

2012

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.