Search results for "Saccharide"
showing 10 items of 849 documents
Inflammation, Longevity, and Cardiovascular Diseases: Role of Polymorphisms of TLR4
2006
The total burden of infection at various sites may affect the progression of atherosclerosis, the risk being modulated by host genotype. The role of lipopolysaccaride receptor TLR4 is paradigmatic. It initiates the innate immune response against gram-negative bacteria; and TLR4 polymorphisms, as ASP299GLY, suggested to attenuate receptor signaling, have been described. We demonstrated that TLR4 ASP299GLY polymorphism shows a significantly lower frequency in patients affected by myocardial infarction compared to controls, whereas centenarians show a higher frequency. Thus, people genetically predisposed to developing weak inflammatory activity, seem to have fewer chances of developing cardio…
Elevated levels of anti-endotoxin antibodies in patients with bilateral idiopathic acute anterior uveitis
2010
. Purpose: Endotoxins have been proved to be responsible for acute anterior uveitis (AAU) in animals in a well-established experimental model of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). The purpose of our study was the detection of antibodies against endotoxins of selected enterobacteria in the serum of patients with idiopathic AAU and searching for correlations between the levels of these antibodies and the presence of HLA-B27 antigen as well as characteristic signs of EIU such as bilaterality and the absence of spontaneous recurrences of the disease. Methods: Reactions of serum IgG antibodies with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of Escherichia coli O1, E. coli O10, E. coli O111, E. coli J5, and Kleb…
Interleukin-12 release by mitogen-stimulated mononuclear cells in the elderly.
1998
Abstract Defects involving cellular expression of activation molecules, cell mediated immune response and natural killer (NK) activity are commonly observed in the elderly. Herein, data are reported on the evaluation of IL-12 production by old subjects. IL-12 is, actually, considered the key molecule for the induction of a T helper 1 (Th1) -type and NK response. IL-12 production from old subjects peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) was evaluated using T-independent (bacterial lipopolysaccharide, LPS) or -dependent (phytoemagglutinin, PHA; immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies, anti-CD3) mitogens. The IL-12 production after LPS stimulation was not reduced in cultures from old sub…
The relationship between age and production of tumour necrosis factor-α in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic heart failure
2003
Ageing is associated with an altered immune response. Elevated plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are present in patients with advanced chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the relationship between age and the immune response in CHF is unknown.We investigated the relationship between age and the TNF-alpha generating capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in nine healthy control subjects (mean age 51.6+/-3.6 years, age range 39-75 years) and 22 stable patients with CHF (mean age 68.3+/-1.5 years, age range 52-78 years, NYHA class 3.0+/-0.2). We also tested the TNF-alpha generating capacity of all control subjects and …
Effect of noradrenaline and isoproterenol on lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in whole blood from patients with chro…
2005
Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) correlate with poor prognoses in chronic heart failure (CHF). This study demonstrated that noradrenaline and isoproterenol inhibit TNF-alpha production in patients with CHF in ex vivo whole blood in a dose-dependent fashion. The beta-blocker bisoprolol abolishes this effect.
Reduced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines of monosodium urate crystal‐stimulated monocytes in chronic renal failure: an explanation for infreque…
2000
In gouty arthritis, monosodium urate (MSU) crystals interact with monocytes and neutrophils to produce inflammatory reactions associated with acute synovitis. In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), gouty arthritis is a rare condition despite often severe hyperuricaemia. We wondered whether differences in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by MSU crystal-stimulated monocytes might be one explanation for the low incidence of gouty arthritis in patients with ESRD compared with healthy controls.Thirteen patients with ESRD on intermittent haemodialysis treatment, six patients with chronic renal failure not yet on dialysis, and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were exami…
Analysis of different contrast enhancement patterns after microbubble-based contrast agent injection in liver hemangiomas with atypical appearance on…
2006
BACKGROUND: We describe different possible enhancement patterns in liver hemangiomas with atypical appearance on baseline ultrasound after microbubble-based contrast agent injection. METHODS: From a series of 253 consecutive lesions that were indeterminate on baseline ultrasound and then scanned after injection of air-filled microbubble contrast agent, 65 focal liver lesions were retrospectively selected on the basis of a diagnosis of liver hemangioma on multiphase contrast-enhanced computed tomography (n = 23), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 27), or histology (n = 15). Each lesion was scanned during arterial phase (30 s after microbubble injection) and late phase (5 min after injection). …
Increased interleukin 6 production by bronchoalveolar lavage cells in patients with active sarcoidosis
1993
Alveolitis of sarcoidosis is characterized by activated alveolar macrophages (AMs) and T cells. The mediators interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) released by AMs represent essential factors for the progression of the T cells in the cell cycle. The role of IL-1 in pulmonary sarcoidosis has previously been studied; however, the relevance of other mediators (i.e. IL-6) has not yet been evaluated. We measured the spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) by bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BAL) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) in 6 control subjects (group A) and in 15 patients with sarcoidosis, 10 with activ…
Laquinimod dampens IL-1β signaling and Th17-polarizing capacity of monocytes in patients with MS
2020
ObjectiveTo assess the impact of laquinimod treatment on monocytes and to investigate the underlying immunomodulatory mechanisms in MS.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we performed in vivo and in vitro analyses of cluster of differentiation (CD14+) monocytes isolated from healthy donors (n = 15), untreated (n = 13), and laquinimod-treated patients with MS (n = 14). Their frequency and the expression of surface activation markers were assessed by flow cytometry and the viability by calcein staining. Cytokine concentrations in the supernatants of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes were determined by flow cytometry. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression level of gene…
Antibody Response to Meningococcal Polysaccharides A and C in Patients with Complement Defects
1993
Patients with defects of terminal complement components are particularly exposed to the risk of developing neisserial infections and seem to respond poorly to meningococcal capsular polysaccharide (PS) C via natural immunization. The sole meningococcal PSC is. on the other hand, an excellent immunogen in normal people. Considering the great importance of vaccine prophylaxis for the prevention of meningococcal infections in patients with complement defects, it is crucial to study the antibody response to the sole meningococcal PS in these patients. We therefore analysed the levels of anti-PSA and PSC antibodies in the members of four families including patients with homozygous and heterozygo…