Search results for "Saccharides"

Comparison of Components Released by Fermented or Active Dried Yeasts after Aging on Lees in a Model Wine

2003

Comparison of different components released during autolysis with fermented or active dried yeast, which has never been reported previously, is related in this paper. Three autolysates were elaborated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a model wine (pH 3.5) at 30 or 18 degrees C. Composition of the autolysate appears to depend on both the growth medium and the physiological state of the yeast. The autolysate obtained from active dried yeast presents a higher total nitrogen concentration (a factor of 1.5-1.9 for the fermented yeast autolysate), a greater proportion of free amino acids (42 vs 16-25%), the lowest proportion of oligopeptides (25 vs 31-37%) and polypeptides (27 vs 45-34%), and an …

Spacer-separated sialyl LewisX cyclopeptide conjugates as potential E-selectin ligands.

2006

Completely protected sialyl LewisX azide was synthesized from a neolactosamine azide precursor carrying a 3-O-allyloxycarbonyl group as the temporary protecting group. After its Pd(0)-catalyzed deprotection and stereoselective alpha-fucosylation, the obtained LewisX azide was subjected to O-deacetylation in the galactose unit and subsequent regio- and stereoselective sialylation. Reduction of the anomeric azido group afforded the sialyl LewisX amine building block. Two molecules of this tetrasaccharide ligand were conjugated to a preformed cyclooctapeptide containing two equidistant l-asparagine units equipped with carboxy-terminated tetraethyleneglycol side chains to give, after deprotecti…

Overexpression of a cell wall enzyme reduces xyloglucan depolymerization and softening of transgenic tomato fruits.

2010

Xyloglucan xyloglucosyltransferase/endohydrolase (XTHs: EC 2.4.1.207 and/or EC 3.2.1.151) has been proposed to have a dual role integrating newly secreted xyloglucan chains into an existing wall-bound xyloglucan and restructuring existing cell wall material by catalyzing transglucosylation between previously wall bound xyloglucan molecules. In this work we generated transgenic tomatoes with altered levels of an XTH gene. These transgenic fruits showed significant overexpression of the XTH proteins in comparison with the wild type. Specific XET activity was approximately 4.33 fold higher in the transgenic fruits compared with the wild type fruits, although in both cases the activity decrease…

New gellan gum-graft-poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) copolymers as promising bioinks: Synthesis and characterization

2020

This research focused on the aim of tackling the urgent demand of printable biomaterials, hence we synthetized and characterized three gellan gum-graft-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) copolymers (GGm-PLGA a, b and c) which differed in the graft substitution degree. We investigated the effect of the polyester chain grafted onto hydrophilic backbone of gellan gum in terms of physicochemical properties and the ability of the system to print 3D cell laden constructs. In particular, we evaluated thermo-rheological, ionotropic crosslinking, shear thinning, swelling and stability properties of these copolymers and their derived biomaterials and findings related to the degree of functionalization. M…

Hydrogen bonding properties of amorphous low-water protein-saccharide matrixes and bioprotection

2009

Bile acid receptor TGR5 is critically involved in preference for dietary lipids and obesity

2020

International audience; We investigated the implication of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) in fat preference and fat sensing in taste bud cells (TBC) in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and TGR5 knock out (TGR5-/-) male mice maintained for 20 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD). We also assessed the implication of TGR5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in young obese humans. The high-fat diet (HFD)-fed TGR5-/- mice were more obese, marked with higher liver weight, lipidemia and steatosis than WT obese mice. The TGR5-/- obese mice exhibited high daily food/energy intake, fat mass and inflammatory status. WT obese mice lost the preference for dietary fat, but the TGR5-/- obese mice exhibited n…

Lipopolysaccharides-mediated increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: involvement of the GLP-1 pathway.

2013

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the cell wall of gram–negative bacteria trigger inflammation, which is associated with marked changes in glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia is frequently observed during bacterial infection and it is a marker of a poor clinical outcome in critically ill patients. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of an acute injection or continuous infusion of LPS on experimentally induced hyperglycemia in wild-type and genetically engineered mice. The acute injection of a single dose of LPS produced an increase in glucose disposal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Continuous infusion of LPS through mini-osmotic pumps was also associated wi…

TREM-1 ligand expression on platelets enhances neutrophil activation

2007

Abstract The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) plays an important role in the innate immune response related to severe infections and sepsis. Modulation of TREM-1–associated activation improves the outcome in rodent models for pneumonia and sepsis. However, the identity and occurrence of the natural TREM-1 ligands are so far unknown, impairing the further understanding of the biology of this receptor. Here, we report the presence of a ligand for TREM-1 on human platelets. Using a recombinant TREM-1 fusion protein, we demonstrate specific binding of TREM-1 to platelets. TREM-1–specific signals are required for the platelet-induced augmentation of polymorphonuclear leu…

Cigarette smoke alters IL-33 expression and release in airway epithelial cells

2014

AbstractAirway epithelium is a regulator of innate immune responses to a variety of insults including cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke alters the expression and the activation of Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4), an innate immunity receptor. IL-33, an alarmin, increases innate immunity Th2 responses. The aims of this study were to explore whether mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) or sera from smokers have altered concentrations of IL-33 and whether cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) alter both intracellular expression (mRNA and protein) and release of IL-33 in bronchial epithelial cells. The role of TLR4 in the expression of IL-33 was also explored.Mini-BALs, but not sera, from smokers show red…

Generation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell lines.

2001

The limited lifespan of human microvascular endothelial cells in cell culture represents a major obstacle for the study of microvascular pathobiology. To date, no endothelial cell line is available that demonstrates all of the fundamental characteristics of microvascular endothelial cells. We have generated endothelial cell lines from human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC) isolated from adult donors. HPMEC were cotransfected with a plasmid encoding the catalytic component of telomerase (hTERT) and a plasmid encoding the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen. Cells transfected with either plasmid alone had an extended lifespan, but the cultures eventually entered crisis aft…