Search results for "Sarcopenia"
showing 10 items of 159 documents
Pharmacological properties of physical exercise in the elderly.
2013
Scientific evidence links physical activity to several benefits. Recently, we proposed the idea that exercise can be regarded as a drug. As with many drugs, dosage is of great importance. However, to issue a public recommendation of physical activity in aging is not an easy task. Exercise in the elderly needs to be carefully tailored and individualized with the specific objectives of the person or group in mind. The beneficial effects of exercise in two of the main age-related diseases, sarcopenia and Alzheimer's Disease, are dealt with at the beginning of this report. Subsequently, dosage of exercise and the molecular signaling pathways involved in its adaptations are discussed. Exercise a…
Exercise: the lifelong supplement for healthy ageing and slowing down the onset of frailty
2016
The beneficial effects of exercise have been well recognized for over half a century. Dr Jeremy Morris's pioneering studies in the fifties showed a striking difference in cardiovascular disease between the drivers and conductors on the double-decker buses in London. These studies sparked off a vast amount of research on the effects of exercise in health, and the general consensus is that exercise contributes to improved outcomes and treatment for several diseases including osteoporosis, diabetes, depression and atherosclerosis. Evidence of the beneficial effects of exercise is reviewed here. One way of highlighting the impact of exercise on disease is to consider it from the perspective of …
New Molecular Targets and Lifestyle Interventions to Delay Aging Sarcopenia
2014
The term sarcopenia was originally created to refer age-related loss of muscle mass with consequent loss of strength (Morley et al., 2001). There are now four international definitions of sarcopenia (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2010; Muscaritoli et al., 2010; Morley et al., 2011). In essence they all agree, requiring a measure of walking capability [either low gait speed or a limited endurance (distance) in a 6-min walk], together with an appendicular lean mass of <2 SDs of a sex and ethnically corrected normal level for individuals 20–30 years old. Sarcopenia is a prevalent health problem among the elderly. On average, 5–13 and 11–50% of people aged 60−70 years and ≥80 years, respectively suffer …
Sarcopenia is associated with severe liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
2017
Background: Sarcopenia recognises insulin resistance and obesity as risk factors, and is frequently associated with cardiometabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim: To test the prevalence of sarcopenia and its relation with the severity of fibrosis (main outcome) and the entire spectrum of liver histology in patients with NAFLD. Methods: We considered 225 consecutive patients with histological diagnosis of NAFLD (Kleiner score). The skeletal muscle index (%) (total appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg)/weight (kg) Ã 100), a validated measure of sarcopenia, was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle mass…
Sarcopenia and fall-related injury among older adults in five low- and middle-income countries
2021
Sarcopenia is a common condition in older people and increasing evidence suggests that it can be considered as a potential risk factor for falls and fractures. However, no studies on this topic from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are available. Thus, we assessed this association among older adults from five LMICs (China, India, Ghana, Mexico, and Russia). Community-based, nationally representative, cross-sectional data of the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low skeletal muscle mass based on indirect population formula, and either slow gait or low handgrip strength. The presence of fall-related injury was ascertained t…
Effect of a Prebiotic Formulation on Frailty Syndrome
2016
Aging can result in major changes in the composition and metabolic activities of bacterial populations in the gastrointestinal system and result in impaired function of the immune system. We assessed the efficacy of prebiotic Darmocare Pre (R) (Bonusan Besloten Vennootschap (BV), Numansdorp, The Netherlands) to evaluate whether the regular intake of this product can improve frailty criteria, functional status and response of the immune system in elderly people affected by the frailty syndrome. The study was a placebo-controlled, randomized, double blind design in sixty older participants aged 65 and over. The prebiotic product was composed of a mixture of inulin plus fructooligosaccharides …
Magnesium and muscle performance in older persons: the InCHIANTI study.
2006
Background: The role of magnesium in maintaining muscle integrity and function in older adults is largely unknown. Objective: We aimed to investigate the relation between serum magnesium concentrations and muscle performance in older subjects. Design: Data are from the baseline examination conducted between September 1998 and March 2000 of the InCHIANTI (aging in the Chianti area) study, a prospective epidemiologic survey of risk factors for late-life disability. From among 1453 randomly selected community residents completing a home interview, 1138men(46%) and women (aged 66.7 15.2 y; x SD) with complete data on muscle performance and serum magnesium who were not severely cognitively compr…
Training load does not affect detraining's effect on muscle volume, muscle strength and functional capacity among older adults
2017
Research underlines the potential of low-load resistance exercise in older adults. However, while the effects of detraining from high-load protocols have been established, it is not known whether gains from low-load training would be better/worse maintained. The current study evaluated the effects of 24weeks of detraining that followed 12weeks of high- and low-load resistance exercise in older adults. Fifty-six older adults (68.0±5.0years) were randomly assigned to leg press and leg extension training at either HIGH load (2×10-15 repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM)), LOW load (1×80-100 repetitions at 20% of 1-RM), or LOW+ load (1×60 repetitions at 20% of 1-RM, immediately fo…
The association between low skeletal muscle mass and delirium: results from the nationwide multi-centre Italian Delirium Day 2017
2021
Abstract Introduction Delirium and sarcopenia are common, although underdiagnosed, geriatric syndromes. Several pathological mechanisms can link delirium and low skeletal muscle mass, but few studies have investigated their association. We aimed to investigate (1) the association between delirium and low skeletal muscle mass and (2) the possible role of calf circumference mass in finding cases with delirium. Methods The analyses were conducted employing the cross-sectional “Delirium Day” initiative, on patient 65 years and older admitted to acute hospital medical wards, emergency departments, rehabilitation wards, nursing homes and hospices in Italy in 2017. Delirium was diagnosed as a 4 + …
Fruit and vegetable consumption and sarcopenia among older adults in low- and middle-income countries
2020
Fruit and vegetable consumption may protect against sarcopenia but there are no studies on this topic from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, we assessed this association among older adults from six LMICs. Community-based cross-sectional data of the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low skeletal muscle mass based on indirect population formula, and either slow gait or low handgrip strength. Quintiles of vegetable and fruit consumption were created based on the number of servings consumed on a typical day. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. The sample consisted of 14,585 individuals aged &ge