Search results for "Scaling"
showing 10 items of 754 documents
Scaling laws of strategic behavior and size heterogeneity in agent dynamics
2008
The dynamics of many socioeconomic systems is determined by the decision making process of agents. The decision process depends on agent's characteristics, such as preferences, risk aversion, behavioral biases, etc.. In addition, in some systems the size of agents can be highly heterogeneous leading to very different impacts of agents on the system dynamics. The large size of some agents poses challenging problems to agents who want to control their impact, either by forcing the system in a given direction or by hiding their intentionality. Here we consider the financial market as a model system, and we study empirically how agents strategically adjust the properties of large orders in orde…
Measurement of the jet fragmentation function and transverse profile in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the ATLAS d…
2011
The jet fragmentation function and transverse profile for jets with 25 GeV<pT jet<500 GeV and |ηjet|<1.2 produced in proton–proton collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV are presented. The measurement is performed using data with an integrated luminosity of 36 pb−1. Jets are reconstructed and their momentum measured using calorimetric information. The momenta of the charged particle constituents are measured using the tracking system. The distributions corrected for detector effects are compared with various Monte Carlo event generators and generator tunes. Several of these choices show good agreement with the measured fragmentation function. None of these choices reproduce both t…
Inter-Chain Structure Factors of Flexible Polymers in Solutions: A Monte Carlo Investigation
1997
Off-lattice Monte Carlo simulations of both the single chain structure factor h(q) and the inter-chain structure factor HD(q) of flexible polymers in solutions are presented over a wide range of both wavenumber q and concentration c from the dilute to the concentrated regime, for chain lengths up to N = 256. The single chain properties $\{$gyration radius 〈Rg2〉, $h(q)\}$ are in reasonable agreement with the expected theoretical behavior, showing a crossover from swollen chains $\{\langle R_{\rm g}^2\rangle \propto N^{2\nu} ,~ h(q) \propto q^{-1/\nu}\}$ to Gaussian chains, and the data comply with a scaling description, with a correlation length ξ∝c-ν/(3ν-1). However, the inter-chain structu…
DLPNO-MP2 second derivatives for the computation of polarizabilities and NMR shieldings
2021
We present a derivation and efficient implementation of the formally complete analytic second derivatives for the domain-based local pair natural orbital second order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) method, applicable to electric or magnetic field-response properties but not yet to harmonic frequencies. We also discuss the occurrence and avoidance of numerical instability issues related to singular linear equation systems and near linear dependences in the projected atomic orbital domains. A series of benchmark calculations on medium-sized systems is performed to assess the effect of the local approximation on calculated nuclear magnetic resonance shieldings and the static dipole …
Femtoscopy with identified charged pions in proton-lead collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV with ATLAS
2017
Bose-Einstein correlations between identified charged pions are measured for $p$+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV using data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of $28$ $\mathrm{nb}^{-1}$. Pions are identified using ionization energy loss measured in the pixel detector. Two-particle correlation functions and the extracted source radii are presented as a function of collision centrality as well as the average transverse momentum ($k_{\mathrm{T}}$) and rapidity ($y^{\star}_{\pi\pi}$) of the pair. Pairs are selected with a rapidity $-2 < y^{\star}_{\pi\pi} < 1$ and with an average transverse momentum $0.1 < k_{\mathrm{T}} <…
Level statistics and Anderson delocalization in two-dimensional granular materials
2020
Contrary to the theoretical predictions that all waves in two-dimensional disordered materials are localized, Anderson localization is observed only for sufficiently high frequencies in an isotropically jammed two-dimensional disordered granular packing of photoelastic disks. More specifically, we have performed an experiment in analyzing the level statistics of normal mode vibrations. We observe delocalized modes in the low-frequency boson-peak regime and localized modes in the high frequency regime with the crossover frequency just below the Debye frequency. We find that the level-distance distribution obeys Gaussian-Orthogonal-Ensemble (GOE) statistics, i.e. Wigner-Dyson distribution, in…
An exact thermodynamical model of power-law temperature time scaling
2016
In this paper a physical model for the anomalous temperature time evolution (decay) observed in complex thermodynamical system in presence of uniform heat source is provided. Measures involving temperatures T with power-law variation in time as T(t)∝tβ with β∈R shows a different evolution of the temperature time rate T(t) with respect to the temperature time-dependence T(t). Indeed the temperature evolution is a power-law increasing function whereas the temperature time rate is a power-law decreasing function of time. Such a behavior may be captured by a physical model that allows for a fast thermal energy diffusion close to the insulated location but must offer more resistance to the therm…
The X-ray Luminosity - Velocity Dispersion relation in the REFLEX Cluster Survey
2003
We present an estimate of the bolometric X-ray luminosity - velocity dispersion L_x - sigma_v relation measured from a new, large and homogeneous sample of 171 low redshift, X-ray selected galaxy clusters. The linear fitting of log(L_x) - log(sigma_v) gives L_x = 10^{32.72 \pm 0.08} sigma^{4.1 \pm 0.3}_v erg s^{-1} h^{-2}_{50}. Furthermore, a study of 54 clusters, for which the X-ray temperature of the intracluster medium T is available, allows us to explore two other scaling relations, L_x -T and sigma_v -T. From this sample we obtain L_x \propto T^{3.1 \pm 0.2} and sigma_v \propto T^{1.00 \pm 0.16}, which are fully consistent with the above result for the L_x-sigma_v. The slopes of L_x -T…
Field Emission of Electrons Generated by the Near Field of Strongly Coupled Plasmons
2012
Field emission of electrons is generated solely by the ultrastrong near-field of strongly coupled plasmons without the help of a noticeable dc field. Strongly coupled plasmons are excited at Au nanoparticles in subnanometer distance to a Au film by femtosecond laser pulses. Field-emitted electrons from individual nanoparticles are detected by means of photoelectron emission microscopy and spectroscopy. The dependence of total electron yield and kinetic energy on the laser power proves that field emission is the underlying emission process. We derive a dynamic version of the Fowler-Nordheim equation that yields perfect agreement with the experiment.
Ground-state magneto-optical resonances in cesium vapor confined in an extremely thin cell
2007
Experimental and theoretical studies are presented related to the ground-state magneto-optical resonance prepared in Cesium vapour confined in an Extremely Thin Cell (ETC, with thickness equal to the wavelength of the irradiating light). It is shown that the utilization of the ETC allows one to examine the formation of a magneto-optical resonance on the individual hyperfine transitions, thus distinguishing processes resulting in dark (reduced absorption) or bright (enhanced absorption) resonance formation. We report on an experimental evidence of the bright magneto-optical resonance sign reversal in Cs atoms confined in the ETC. A theoretical model is proposed based on the optical Bloch equ…