Search results for "Scientific"
showing 10 items of 1193 documents
Scientometric portrait of biochemist Santiago Grisolia: publication productivity, collaboration patterns, and citation analysis
2014
Santiago Grisolía has made numerous scientific discoveries and contributions of great relevance to the advancement of biochemistry and molecular biology, particularly in the field of enzymology in the metabolism of nitrogen related to the urea cycle and the impoverishment of pyrimidines. This article analyses, by means of bibliometrics indicators and social network analysis, his professional career, comparing the results obtained with the patterns of scientific activity of other distinguished researchers. The main findings of the study carried out are as follows: the evolution of his scientific productivity shows an initial period in which the growth is slow or moderate, followed by a fast …
BIOfid dataset: publishing a German gold standard for named entity recognition in historical biodiversity literature
2019
The Specialized Information Service Biodiversity Research (BIOfid) has been launched to mobilize valuable biological data from printed literature hidden in German libraries for over the past 250 years. In this project, we annotate German texts converted by OCR from historical scientific literature on the biodiversity of plants, birds, moths and butterflies. Our work enables the automatic extraction of biological information previously buried in the mass of papers and volumes. For this purpose, we generated training data for the tasks of Named Entity Recognition (NER) and Taxa Recognition (TR) in biological documents. We use this data to train a number of leading machine learning tools and c…
Predatory Open-Access Publishing in Anesthesiology.
2018
Predatory publishing is an exploitative fraudulent open-access publishing model that applies charges under the pretense of legitimate publishing operations without actually providing the editorial services associated with legitimate journals. The aim of this study was to analyze this phenomenon in the field of anesthesiology and related specialties (intensive care, critical and respiratory medicine, pain medicine, and emergency care). Two authors independently surveyed a freely accessible, constantly updated version of the original Beall lists of potential, possible, or probable predatory publishers and standalone journals. We identified 212 journals from 83 publishers, and the total number…
Pseudoscience and bad science in biomedicine : analysis of evidence, health risk, and media dissemination
2018
Pseudoscience (false science) and science based on faulty and biased studies (bad science) produce false or uncertain knowledge, with poor or no evidence. Both represent a health risk: pseudoscience-based therapies because they can replace or delay conventional treatments, and low-quality biomedicine because it promotes medical interventions that can be dangerous. In the press, alternative therapies are less prevalent than low-quality research, while the former tends to be framed negatively and the latter favourably. Both require more thorough and rigorous studies to better understand their negative effects on critical thinking, economics, and health-related decision making. This work is fr…
Providing a general framework about spin-off success factors in complex environments
2018
Spin-off organisations are the main vehicle for knowledge transfer from universities and/or high educational institutions (HEIs) to the economic system. Spin-off firms are complex phenomenon which requires particular conditions to its creation, survival and development. In the last decade, the scientific debate recognised the importance and the role of spin-off organisations, but the main factors and actors that impact on their creation, survival and development are not always clear. This paper aims to fill this gap, shedding light on this black box. In a first step, this research will identify the main 'success factors' for creation of spin-offs. In the second step, the relationship betwee…
L'evolució històrica de la psicologia del treball i de les organitzacions
2010
El món organitzacional ha esdevingut l'eix vertebrador de la Psicologia del treball, des del sistema gremial al sistema fabril, que reunia les característiques de veritables organitzacions industrials. Les notes que caracteritzen el procés són: la mentalitat racional, la mecanització de la fabricació i la utilització del vapor com nova energia aplicable a la indústria. A més, la mecanització tindria efectes sobre l'organització del treball, en l'extremar la diferenciació de funcions i la divisió de tasques. Taylor, des de l'enginyeria, introduí una organització científica del treball per millorar els sistemes i els llocs laborals. Amb el mateix objectiu, orientat a millorar l'administració …
Scientific communication in museums through presential mediation : Case study le Pavillon des Sciences
2014
In science museums and science centers, "presential" mediation positioning a mediator and the public in the co-presence of objects within a dedicated environment, remains relatively unknown. From a Communication Science perspective, analyzing actual situations transcends the simple provision of information, and focuses on the significance of third party forms within the construction of meaning. Presential communication is transient and centered on the words and gestures of an embodied third party. It provides a greater potential for interactions around practical situations, unlike other media (i.e. an exhibition). The purpose of this research is to question the rightful place of these speci…
Alcune osservazioni sugli Enti (pubblici) di ricerca: il loro ruolo e brevi cronache di una devastazione annunciata.
2011
Verranno presentate alcune considerazioni sul ruolo che gli Enti di ricerca dovrebbero (e potrebbero) svolgere nel complesso sistema dell’alta formazione e di quello che ad essa è connesso (dallo sviluppo produttivo al vivere civile). La motivazione di fondo, poi, delle considerazioni che seguono è che la ricerca scientifica può svolgere un ruolo cruciale in tutti questi aspetti in quanto essa è connessa in modo essenziale all’uso di un metodo critico che fa discendere le conclusioni cui essa arriva dalle argomentazioni addotte e non dall’autorità di qualcuno.
Look for methods, not conclusions
2019
Qualunque sia l'esito effettivo di un'indagine su un caso di presunta manipolazione dei dati, ci sono alcuni principi fermi che sono sempre veri e alcuni errori che devono essere evitati.
European code against cancer 4th edition: 12 ways to reduce your cancer risk
2015
AbstractThis overview describes the principles of the 4th edition of the European Code against Cancer and provides an introduction to the 12 recommendations to reduce cancer risk. Among the 504.6 million inhabitants of the member states of the European Union (EU28), there are annually 2.64 million new cancer cases and 1.28 million deaths from cancer. It is estimated that this cancer burden could be reduced by up to one half if scientific knowledge on causes of cancer could be translated into successful prevention. The Code is a preventive tool aimed to reduce the cancer burden by informing people how to avoid or reduce carcinogenic exposures, adopt behaviours to reduce the cancer risk, or t…