Search results for "Sedative"
showing 10 items of 62 documents
Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil and Linalool Counteract Social Aversion Induced by Social Defeat
2018
Many vegetable extracts, essential oils, and their main constituents are active on the Central Nervous System (CNS). In fact, they have been used as sedatives, hypnotics, or tranquilizers for their activity in treating CNS disorders. In this research, we studied the possible activities of Lavandula angustifolia (LA) essential oil and of its main constituent, linalool, as anti-stress compounds on anxiety and social interaction and their in vitro effects on proteins (pERK and PKA) involved in the transmission of the signal. An acute intraperitoneal injection of linalool (100 mg/kg) and of LA essential oil (200 mg/kg) reduced motor activity without any anxiolytic effect, but significantly incr…
Learning to be a psychostimulants addict with self-regulation therapy
2018
This article presents the results of a single-case experiment of alternative treatments in which a participant applied the Self-Regulation Therapy (SRT) to reproduce the effects of a stimulant drug, methylphenidate, and a sedative, alcohol. The SRT is a learning procedure based on classic conditioning and suggestion that reproduces the effect of drugs by remembering the effects they have. The participant reproduced the effects of both drugs during ten sessions held on 5 consecutive days. To record effects, adjective scales were used that measured Drug effect, High, Rush, Energy, Tension and the General Factor of Personality (GFP). The results indicated that the participant was capable of in…
Ketamine in acute phase of severe traumatic brain injury “an old drug for new uses?”
2021
AbstractMaintaining an adequate level of sedation and analgesia plays a key role in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI). To date, it is unclear which drug or combination of drugs is most effective in achieving these goals. Ketamine is an agent with attractive pharmacological and pharmacokinetics characteristics. Current evidence shows that ketamine does not increase and may instead decrease intracranial pressure, and its safety profile makes it a reliable tool in the prehospital environment. In this point of view, we discuss different aspects of the use of ketamine in the acute phase of TBI, with its potential benefits and pitfalls.
Analgesic hypnotic treatment in a post-stroke patient
2021
In recent years, hypnotic suggestions have been used in several clinical conditions. This treatment is often used for anxiety treatment, somatization, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Hypnotic analgesia is one of the most clinically useful phenomena of hypnosis. The article describes the case of a patient who underwent hypnotic treatments for hypersensitivity and chronic pain. Results showed an improvement of pain control and a decrease of pain hypersensibility. In addition, during rehabilitative treatments, the patient reported a high level of compliance with the multidisciplinary team. These findings suggest that hypnosis could be a useful treatment for post-stroke pain management.
Influence of PEEP on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular autoregulation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
2013
High levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), as part of the treatment in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), may prevent alveolar collapse and maintain oxygenation. PEEP potentially reduces cerebral venous return, increases intracranial blood volume, and may, therefore, affect cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular autoregulation (AR). This study investigates the effect of PEEP on CBF and AR in patients with respiratory failure.CBF velocity was measured using transcranial doppler and correlated with the invasive arterial blood pressure curve to calculate the index of AR Mx (Mx0.3 indicates impaired AR). Mx was measured at lower PEEP levels and after i…
Randomised double-blind clinical trial of intermediate- versus high-dose chloral hydrate for neuroimaging of children.
1995
Orally administered chloral hydrate is the most widely used sedative in children undergoing MRI. We compared intermediate- and high-dose oral chloral hydrate in 97 consecutive children undergoing MRI in a prospective, controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial. There were 50 girls and 47 boys, mean weight (+/- SD) 14.7 +/- 6.4 kg, and mean age 38 +/- 31. The children were randomly allocated to receive chloral hydrate syrup either 70 mg/kg (group A, n = 50) or 100 mg/kg (group B, n = 47). These two groups were not significantly different in sex, weight, age, diagnosis or ambulatory medication. The mean initial dose (+/- SEM) was 64 +/- 2 mg/kg for group A and 93 +/- 2 mg/kg for grou…
Use of prescription benzodiazepines and related drugs in family caregivers: a nation-wide register-based study
2022
Abstract Background objective indicators of sleep and mental health problems in family caregivers have rarely been reported. Objective to study the use of prescription benzodiazepines and related drugs (BZDRD) in Finnish family caregivers and matched controls. Design prospective follow-up in 2012–17. Setting nationwide register-linkage study. Subjects all individuals who received family caregiver’s allowance in Finland in 2012 (N = 42,256; mean age 67 years; 71% women) and controls matched for age, sex and municipality of residence (N = 83,618). Methods information on purchases of prescription BZDRD, including the number of defined daily doses (DDDs), between 2012 and 2017 was obtained from…
Behavioral Effects of GABAA Receptor Stimulation and GABA-Transporter Inhibition
2000
Abstract The present analysis addressed behavioral changes after treatment with 4.5 mg/kg or 18.5 mg/kg of the GABA-uptake inhibitor tiagabine combined with either the benzodiazepine diazepam (1.5 mg/kg) or the imidazopyridine zolpidem (0.05 mg/kg), the latter two acting differentially on GABA A receptor subtypes. The study included 97 male PVG/OIaHsd rats. A standard open field, an enriched open field, and an elevated plus-maze was used to study rat behavior. Treatment with the low dose of tiagabine alone induced no specific behavioral effects, whereas the high dose had an anxiolytic-like potential. Furthermore, diazepam but not zolpidem displayed anxiolytic-like effects. Combination of ea…
The Hemodynamic Effects of Ephedrine on the Onset Time of Rocuronium in Pigs
2004
Several studies have found a correlation between the onset time of muscle relaxants, cardiac index, and muscle blood flow. Ephedrine increases these hemodynamic variables and shortens onset time of rocuronium in humans. Our aim in this animal study was to determine the effect of ephedrine on the onset time of rocuronium, cardiac index, and muscle blood flow after administration of thiopental. At predefined measuring points, mean arterial blood pressure and cardiac index were measured invasively and onset time was determined mechanomyographically. Twenty-four pigs were randomly assigned to three groups. Group I received etomidate and subsequently rocuronium (2 x 95% effective dose). Instead …
Propofol sedation reduces diaphragm activity in spontaneously breathing patients: ultrasound assessment.
2017
BACKGROUND: The diaphragm is the most important respiratory muscle in humans, and the close relationship between inspired volume and diaphragmatic movement in normal subjects has led to investigations into diaphragmatic activity using ultrasound, during spontaneous breathing and sedative drug infusion. METHODS: A total of 36 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic procedures under deep propofol sedation were studied. Ultrasound measurements included the following: diaphragmatic thickening end-inspiration (TEI) and endexpiration (TEE). Diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF) was calculated from [(TEI TEE) / TEE] at various time points (at T0 basal; at T1 during propofol infusion; at T2 aw…