Search results for "Seguridad Alimentaria"
showing 10 items of 26 documents
Agri-food Supply Chain Traceability for Fruit and Vegetable Cooperatives Using Blockchain Technology
2019
Blockchain se ha convertido en una tecnología disruptiva que tiene la capacidad de transformar la industria agroalimentaria, puesto que promete resolver muchos problemas relacionados con la falta de confianza en la trazabilidad y el producto que adquieren los consumidores. Sin embargo, las partes implicadas en la cadena de suministro de productos agroalimentarios son numerosas y están físicamente dispersas, lo que dificulta el manejo de datos e información. Como resultado, el proceso de producción no es transparente y la confianza es difícil de construir. Para ser más exitosas en la economía globalizada actual, las cooperativas deben focalizarse en ofrecer mayor transparencia. Este document…
AnMBR, reclaimed water and fertigation: Two case studies in Italy and Spain to assess economic and technological feasibility and CO2 emissions within…
2020
[EN] The use of anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology on urban wastewater can help to alleviate droughts, by reusing the water and nutrients embedded in the effluent in agriculture (fertigation) in line with Circular Economy principles. The combination of AnMBR and fertigation reduces CO2 emissions due to the organic matter valorization and the partial avoidance of mineral fertilizer requirements. However, both AnMBR and fertigation still face technological and regulatory barriers that need to be overcome. These bottlenecks were tackled within the first Innovation Deal approved by the European Commission in 2016, and gave rise to several case studies on water reuse systems. The r…
Irrigation water saving strategies in Citrus orchards: Analysis of the combined effects of timing and severity of soil water deficit
2021
[EN] The knowledge of the crop response to soil water deficit is essential to predict the actual crop water requirements under limited soil water conditions. The mathematical schematization of the crop response under RDI can allow identifying the exact irrigation timing. The threshold of soil water status below which crop transpiration decreases represents a key parameter for the water stress functions. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of several RDI treatments, applied during the three stages of fruit growth, on soil-plant-water relations of drip-irrigated mandarin trees. Experiments were carried out in seven irrigation treatments: a control, irrigated at 125…
A comprehensive RNA-Seq-based gene expression atlas of the summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) provides insights into fruit morphology and ripening mechan…
2021
[EN] Background Summer squash (Cucurbita pepo: Cucurbitaceae) are a popular horticultural crop for which there is insufficient genomic and transcriptomic information. Gene expression atlases are crucial for the identification of genes expressed in different tissues at various plant developmental stages. Here, we present the first comprehensive gene expression atlas for a summer squash cultivar, including transcripts obtained from seeds, shoots, leaf stem, young and developed leaves, male and female flowers, fruits of seven developmental stages, as well as primary and lateral roots. Results In total, 27,868 genes and 2352 novel transcripts were annotated from these 16 tissues, with over 18,0…
Influence of substrate and temperature on the biodegradation of polyester-based materials: Polylactide and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoa…
2020
[EN] The extended use of polymers from renewable resources such as aliphatic polyesters or polyhydroxyalkanoates boosted the necessity to understand their behaviour in an end-of-life scenario. Although they can be degraded in reasonable shorter times than traditional polymers, understanding the degradation mechanisms under dissimilar conditions will contribute to further developments in this field. This work aimed to study the effect of temperature and substrate in the degradation of polylactide (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) in a simulated laboratory scale to ascertain their contribution, separately or in combination. For this purpose, nine parallel degradat…
Poly (lactic acid)/D-limonene/ZnO bio-nanocomposites with antimicrobial properties
2022
[EN] Antimicrobial films of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/D-limonene/zinc oxide (ZnO)-based bio-nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding and subsequent thermocompression. D-limonene was incorporated at concentrations of 10 or 20 wt%, and ZnO pure nanoparticles and those organically modified with oleic acid (O-ZnO), with an average diameter of 13.5 nm, were included at concentrations of 3, 5, and 8 wt%. The plasticizing effect of D-Limonene was corroborated by a decrease in the glass transition temperature compared to pure PLA. The presence of ZnO and O-ZnO in the PLA matrix promoted a slight increase in the degree of crystallinity due to its nucleant performance. Although ZnO and O-ZnO …
RNA-seq transcriptome analysis provides candidate genes for resistance to Tomato leaf cur New Delhi virus in melon
2022
[EN] Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) emerged in the Mediterranean Basin in 2012 as the first DNA bipartite begomovirus (Geminiviridae family), causing severe yield and economic losses in cucurbit crops. A major resistance locus was identified in the wild melon accession WM-7 (Cucumis melo kachri group), but the mechanisms involved in the resistant response remained unknown. In this work, we used RNA-sequencing to identify disease-associated genes that are differentially expressed in the course of ToLCNDV infection and could contribute to resistance. Transcriptomes of the resistant WM-7 genotype and the susceptible cultivar Piñonet Piel de Sapo (PS)(C. melo ibericus group) in ToLC…
Aflatoxinas, tricotecenos de tipo A y hongos productores en maíz y avena. Nuevos antifúngicos y su impacto en salud
2021
Los hongos filamentosos están ampliamente distribuidos en la naturaleza y existen especies causantes de infecciones en el hombre, animales o plantas, o productores de micotoxinas que pueden ocasionar intoxicaciones agudas o crónicas. Los hongos toxigénicos pertenecen principalmente a los géneros Aspergillus, Fusarium y Penicillium. El cambio climático facilita la adaptación de especies toxigénicas a nuevas condiciones de estrés térmico/hídrico, lo cual afecta a su distribución geográfica en cultivos básicos, como los cereales. Ello facilita la dominancia de las especies mejor adaptadas, lo que se traduce en la emergencia de ciertas micotoxinas en los cereales como las aflatoxinas (AF) o tri…
La alimentación de los jugadores de baloncesto: peligros nutricionales y microbiológicos
2015
El baloncesto tiene unos requerimientos fisiológicos altos que imponen un esfuerzo considerable en las capacidades cardiovasculares y metabólicas de los jugadores. Fisiológicamente, el baloncesto requiere fuerza/resistencia muscular, flexibilidad y energía tanto a nivel de ejercicio aeróbico como anaeróbico. El estudio de la composición corporal es un aspecto muy importante en la valoración del estado nutricional, ya que la distribución de la masa grasa y la masa magra en un individuo puede ayudar a detectar y corregir problemas nutricionales como la obesidad y la desnutrición. Podemos juzgar y valorar de forma indirecta el efecto de la ingesta de energía y los diferentes nutrientes, junto …
Micotoxinas en plantas medicinales y zumos. Estrategias para su mitigación
2020
En la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica para evaluar la presencia de micotoxinas emergentes de Fusarium en plantas medicinales en la materia en crudo, así como en forma de infusiones y cápsulas, así mismo se ha explorado sus posibles efectos beneficiosos y perjudiciales. Por otro lado, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión acerca del posible efecto de los tratamientos no térmicos HPP y PEF en la reducción de los contenidos de micotoxinas. Así mismo, se han desarrollado y validado diferentes procedimientos analíticos para la determinación de micotoxinas en productos frescos, plantas medicinales y tés (en crudo o listos para su consumo) y zumos. La metodología emp…