Search results for "Serotype"
showing 10 items of 130 documents
Host-Nonspecific Iron Acquisition Systems and Virulence in the Zoonotic Serovar of Vibrio vulnificus
2014
ABSTRACT The zoonotic serovar of Vibrio vulnificus (known as biotype 2 serovar E) is the etiological agent of human and fish vibriosis. The aim of the present work was to discover the role of the vulnibactin- and hemin-dependent iron acquisition systems in the pathogenicity of this zoonotic serovar under the hypothesis that both are host-nonspecific virulence factors. To this end, we selected three genes for three outer membrane receptors ( vuuA , a receptor for ferric vulnibactin, and hupA and hutR , two hemin receptors), obtained single and multiple mutants as well as complemented strains, and tested them in a series of in vitro and in vivo assays, using eels and mice as animal models. Th…
Protocol for Specific Isolation of Virulent Strains of Vibrio vulnificus Serovar E (Biotype 2) from Environmental Samples
2004
ABSTRACT The eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 comprises at least three serovars, with serovar E being the only one involved in both epizootics of eel vibriosis and sporadic cases of human infections. The virulent strains of this serovar (VSE) have only been recovered from clinical (mainly eel tissue) sources. The main objective of this work was to design and validate a new protocol for VSE-specific isolation from environmental samples. The key element of the new protocol is the broth used for the first step (saline eel serum broth [SEB]), which contains eel serum as a nutritive and selective component. This approach takes advantage of the ability of VSE cells to grow in eel serum an…
A comparative analysis of the products of GROEL-1 gene fromChlamydia trachomatisserovar D and the HSP60 var1 transcript fromHomo sapienssuggests a po…
2009
Summary Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D produces large quantities of HSP60-1 during infections, which accumulate inside the host cell inducing autoimmunity. We compare the aminoacid sequences of the human HSP60 with the bacterial counterpart to better elucidate how CTHSP60 may simulate HSP60 from human origin during infection and may induce an autoimmune response. As a result of the comparison we suggest several possible epitopes of the CTHSP60, which may induce autoimmunity.
A method to diagnose the carrier state of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E in eels: Development and field studies
2006
Abstract The pathogen Vibrio vulnificus serovar E (VSE) has been related to both human infections and to epizootics causing high mortality in brackish water eel farms. To control the spread of the eel vibriosis and prevent VSE transmission to humans we designed and tested a protocol to detect carriers, which involves isolating the pathogen. To identify the organs where VSE persists in survivors we infected eels with different degrees of immunity against the pathogen (non-immune [NI], immune [I, eels vaccinated 1 year before] and freshly vaccinated [V]) by bath challenge. Then, we followed the pathogen survival in selected external and internal organs for 72 h post-infection. VSE was isolate…
Vaccination of market-size eels against vibriosis due to Vibrio vulnificus serovar E
2004
Vaccination with Vulnivaccine at eel farms has been previously shown to protect cultured eels against vibriosis caused by Vibrio vulnificus serovar E for more than 1 year. The reported protocol included an initial vaccination by triple prolonged immersion at the glass-eel stage together with one optional oral booster at the elver stage. However, eels at the market-size stage (around 150 g body weight) can suffer stress-related vibriosis after handling and transport to the selling facilities, which implies a serious risk for consumer health. The main objective of this work was therefore to develop an effective re-vaccination procedure, useful for preventing stress-related vibriosis and zoono…
Efficacy of a bivalent vaccine against eel diseases caused by Vibrio vulnificus after its administration by four different routes
2003
Vulnivaccine, a vaccine against vibriosis caused by Vibrio vulnificus serovar E (formerly biotype 2), confers acceptable levels of protection to eels after its administration by prolonged immersion in three doses. Recently, a new pathogenic serovar, named serovar A, has been isolated from vaccinated eels in a Spanish freshwater eel farm. The main objective of this work was to design a bivalent vaccine, and to study its effectiveness against the two pathogenic serovars. With this aim, eels weighing around 20 g were immunised with the bivalent vaccine by oral and anal intubation, intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) and prolonged immersion. The overall results indicated that: (i) the new vaccine …
Serotyping and genotyping of encapsulated Escherichia coli K1 sepsis isolates with a monoclonal IgG anti K1 antibody and K1 gene probes
1987
Among infectious diseases caused by E. coli the capsular type K1 plays a predominant role. E. coli K1 isolates account for 80% of cases of E. coli neonatal meningitis and 30% of E. coli sepsis strains. Serotyping of K1 strains has conventionally relied upon the use of K1-specific bacteriophages or serum agar methods with polyvalent anti K1 serum. In the study present here, 187 E. coli sepsis isolates have been analysed for production of the K1 antigen using K1 phages, K1 serum agar plates and Latex agglutination and ELISA using an IgG2a anti K1 monoclonal antibody. In total, 33 sepsis isolates (about 18%) were identified as K1 positive, with three of these strains proving negative in all te…
Bleeding Follicular Conjunctivitis due to Influenza H1N1 Virus
2010
Influenza H1N1 or A virus is a new virus serotype capable of human-to-human transmission. This infection causes a flu syndrome similar to that of seasonal influenza, with only one case of conjunctivitis described and no clinical details or microbiological confirmation. Its diagnosis is performed by PCR of pharyngeal smear of the patients affected. We report the first well-documented case in the medical literature of conjunctivitis by H1N1 virus.
Field testing of a vaccine against eel diseases caused by Vibrio vulnificus
2001
The field results of a vaccination programme against Vibrio vulnificus serovar E (biotype 2) in a Spanish eel farm are reported. A total of 9.5 million glass eels were vaccinated from January 1998 to March 2000 by prolonged immersion followed by 2 subsequent reimmunisations after 12 to 14 and 24 to 28 d, respectively. The acquired protection and the immune response against serovar E were estimated over a period of 6 mo after vaccination. A similar vaccination schedule was conducted with elvers in a Danish eel farm. In this case, the acquired protection and the immune response against serovar E and the new eel-pathogenic serovars, recently described in Denmark, were evaluated over a short te…
Vibrio vulnificus serovar A: an emerging pathogen in European anguilliculture.
2006
The spread of the emerging pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 serovar A in Danish anguilliculture is reported. Serovar A was originally isolated in a Spanish eel farm in 2000 and occurred in Denmark in the summer of 2004, affecting eels of 5-10 g body weight cultured in fresh water. The Danish eels showed clinical signs different from those reported for Spanish eels, such as severe haemorrhages in the head and gill region with necrosis of the soft tissues. Danish isolates were biochemically and serologically identical to Spanish serovar A strains and also highly virulent for eels by both intraperitoneal injection and immersion challenges. Vaccination with Vulnivaccine, a vaccine against V…