Search results for "Sex differences"
showing 10 items of 42 documents
Decrease in Serum Vitamin D Level of Older Patients with Fatigue
2019
Fatigue is characterized by reduced energy level, decreased muscle strength, and a variable degree of cognitive impairment. Recent evidences seem to link vitamin D deficiency to fatigue. The aim of this study was to assess and compare vitamin D status in a cohort of older subjects with and without fatigue. We recruited a total of 480 subjects, 240 patients with fatigue and 240 controls without fatigue, from the Cannizzaro Hospital of Catania (Italy). Fatigue severity was measured by the fatigue severity scale, whereas mental and physical fatigue were measured through the Wessely and Powell fatigue scale, respectively. We also measured several blood parameters and 25-OH vitamin D. Subjects w…
The heritability of depressive symptoms: multiple informants and multiple measures
2002
Background: Earlier research suggests large rater differences in heritability estimates of children's depressive symptoms in the context of significant age and sex-limitation effects. Methods: With data from an ongoing, population-based twin-family study, we estimated genetic and environmental influences on children's depression with models allowing for sex-specific effects. Our assessments of twins included self-reports and ratings made by their classmate peers, their parents and their teachers, allowing estimates of genetic and environmental effects with data from different informants. Model-fitting used maximum likelihood estimation of log-transformed data from a sample of 1,366 11- and …
Long-term outcomes in men and women with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and incomplete reperfusion after a primary percutaneous coronary …
2019
Background The failure of reperfusion therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is more frequent than considered previously. Aim To evaluate sex-related differences in long-term outcomes in patients with STEMI and incomplete infarct-related artery reperfusion after a primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients and methods Of consecutive 42 752 patients with STEMI hospitalized between 2009 and 2011 in Poland, we analyzed a group of 766 (35%) women and 1453 (65%) men with less than thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3 following a primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Results In the 2-year follow-up, the mortality rate among…
Brief maternal separation procedures occurring early in life affect learning and memory in adult Wistar rats: sex-related differences in cognitive be…
2015
Adverse life events during the neonatal period result in long-term effects on physiology and behavior. Early postnatal experiences, such as a modification of the mother–infant interaction, may influence the development of neural systems that underlie the expression of neuroendocrine and behavioural responses to environmental challenges. The present study was carried out to investigate the consequences of a brief, maternal separation on declarative and spatial memory, focusing on sex related alteration due to the discrete effects that hormones may play on the brain circuits. Our results indicate that a brief, daily maternal separation results in sexually-dimorphic cognitive alterations that …
Intersexual competition among humans: prosocial towards the opposite sex and proself towards the same sex?
2017
In a research conducted on a sample of participants from three countries (N = 256): Poland, Ukraine and Denmark, a hypothesis of the moderating impact of other person sex on the level of social value orientation of men and women was tested. The study applied the now rarely used method of measuring social value orientation: the Warsaw Method, which was expected to reveal more subtle differences between men and women than those observed in the studies using the most popular social value orientation measurement tools, such as decomposed games. The direction of the observed relationship proved to be compatible with the predictions resulting from the phenomenon of intrasexual competition for a p…
Gender differences among professionals dedicated to Oral Implantology in Spain: An observational study.
2021
Background: Despite the development of society and the educational progress achieved at the university education level, women continue to face obstacles that hinder their professional development. This study aims to determine whether there are gender differences in a representative sample of professionals dedicated to Oral Implantology in Spain. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study based on the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. An electronic survey consisting of two blocks of questions was sent to members of the Spanish Society of Implants. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: A tot…
Autonomic, hormonal, and subjective responses to a modified version of the TSST: a pilot study
2021
El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar las respuestas hormonales, autonómicas y afectivas a una versión modificada del estresor TSST en una muestra de jóvenes universitarios compuesta de treinta y ocho sujetos (11 hombres y veintisiete mujeres, 11 en la fase lútea del ciclo menstrual, 16 mujeres en la fase folicular). La respuesta hormonal se evaluó con niveles de cortisol. La frecuencia cardíaca y la actividad electrodérmica se registraron durante toda la sesión experimental y la ansiedad rasgo y estado se evaluaron antes y después de la tarea. La fase de discurso provocó la frecuencia cardíaca más alta, la mayor frecuencia de respuestas inespecíficas y el mayor nivel de conductanc…
The effects of a 10-week combined maximal and explosive strength and high-intesity endurance training period on neuromuscular performance and 3K time…
2015
Combined strength and endurance training has been noted to produce significant improvements in strength and endurance performances in both men and women. However, there seems to be moderate inhibitory effect regarding strength adaptations, especially considering power production. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a 10-week combined maximal and explosive strength and high-intensity endurance training period on neuromuscular performance and 3K time-trial in males and females. A total of 19 healthy recreationally trained subjects (Males: M= 10, Females: F= 9) completed a 10-week combined strength and endurance training period. All subjects trained twice a week strength and…
La valorizzazione delle specificità femminili e maschili nelle pratiche scolastiche: problemi metodologico-didattici
2014
The need to partially distinguish a way to teach men and women is rooted in a philosophical anthropology that considers sex differences an enrichment. The strengthening of the sexual identity of the students and the acquisition of a proper gender identity, in a view of respecting people of the opposite sex and equal partnership, is one of the educational goals of the school. The school thus hypothesized becomes a laboratory in which everyone can build a personal identity.
Sex differences of anxiety disorders: Possible psychobiological causes - Diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en los trastornos de ansiedad: una aprox…
2009
Anxiety disorders are common in both men and women and are particularly disabling for the sufferer. Women of reproductive age are more vulnerable to developing these mental disorders than men; in fact their prevalence is 2-3 times higher among females than among males. Sex differences have also been reported in relation to the manifestation and expression of symptoms, the will to request medical or psychological assistance, the course of the disease, and even in the response to treatment. These sex differences may be attributable to multiple factors, such as genetic predisposition, anatomy, hormones and environment. However, very little is known about the risk factors for women with respect…