Search results for "Shield"

showing 10 items of 177 documents

Thermal Filters for the ATHENA X-IFU: Ongoing Activities Toward the Conceptual Design

2016

ATHENA is the L2 mission selected by ESA to pursue the science theme “Hot and Energetic Universe.” One of the two focal plane instruments is the X-ray Integral Field Unit, an array of TES microcalorimeters operated at T $$<$$ 100 mK. To allow the X-ray photons focused by the telescope to reach the detector, windows have to be opened on the cryostat thermal shields. X-ray transparent filters need to be mounted on these open windows to attenuate the IR radiation from warm surfaces, to attenuate RF electromagnetic interferences on TES sensors and SQUID electronics, and to protect the detector from contamination. This paper reviews the ongoing activities driving the design of the X-IFU thermal …

CryostatX-ray AstronomyAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticATHENA; Thermal Filters; X-IFU; X-ray Astronomy; Condensed Matter Physics; Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics; Materials Science (all)ShieldsCondensed Matter Physic01 natural sciencesThermal Filterlaw.invention010309 opticsTelescopeATHENA; Thermal Filters; X-IFU; X-ray Astronomy; Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics; Materials Science (all); Condensed Matter PhysicsOpticsSettore FIS/05 - Astronomia E AstrofisicaConceptual designlawAtomic and Molecular Physics0103 physical sciencesGeneral Materials ScienceElectronics010303 astronomy & astrophysicsThermal FiltersPhysicsX-ray astronomyX-IFUbusiness.industryDetectorCondensed Matter PhysicsAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsATHENACardinal pointMaterials Science (all)and Opticsbusiness
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Ac field dependence of the susceptibility of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 thin films at low dc fields

1996

We have measured the ac field dependence of the ac susceptibility of 400 nm thick Bi2212 thin films at low dc fields 0 ≤μ0Ha ≤ 1 mT in transverse geometry. We show that at reduced temperaturest≤0.85 the ac field dependence can be described by the non-linear Bean model after Brandt as in Y123 thin films. Att>0.85, however, we observe a decrease of the energy dissipation and shielding capability. The critical current density at zero dc field is given byjc−4×1010(1−(T/Tc))2.8±0.1 A/m2.

Dc fieldPhysicsTransverse planeNuclear magnetic resonanceCondensed matter physicsAc fieldElectromagnetic shieldingGeneral Physics and AstronomyCritical currentDissipationThin filmCzechoslovak Journal of Physics
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FLOW PATTERN AROUND THE RIGID CEPHALIC SHIELD OF THE DEVONIAN AGNATHANERRIVASPIS WAYNENSIS(PTERASPIDIFORMES: HETEROSTRACI)

2008

Palaeozoic armoured agnathans (or ostraco- derms) are characterised by having an external, bone shield enclosing the anterior part of their bodies, which demon- strate great diversity of both forms and sizes. The functional significance of these cephalic shields remains unclear (they may have been a functional analogue of the vertebral col- umn, or merely afforded protection). Here we assess the importance of the cephalic shield in terms of locomotion. In order to do this, we have studied flow patterns of the Devo- nian heterostracan Errivaspis waynensis (White, 1935), using an anatomically correct model of E. waynensis positioned at different pitching angles. The fluid flow was visualised …

Delta wingbiologyAngle of attackPaleontologyGeometryAnatomybiology.organism_classificationVortexLift (force)PaleontologyShieldVortex liftErrivaspisEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsGeologyWind tunnelPalaeontology
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Perturbative treatment of triple excitations in coupled‐cluster calculations of nuclear magnetic shielding constants

1996

A theory for the calculation of nuclear magnetic shielding constants at the coupled‐cluster singles and doubles level augmented by a perturbative correction for connected triple excitations (CCSD(T)) has been developed and implemented. The approach, which is based on the gauge‐including atomic orbital (GIAO) ansatz, is illustrated by several numerical examples. These include a comparison of CCSD(T) and other highly correlated methods with full configuration interaction for the BH molecule, and a systematic comparison with experiment for HF, H2O,NH3, CH4, N2, CO, HCN, and F2. The results demonstrate the importance of triple excitations in establishing quantitative accuracy. Finally, the abil…

Density matrixCoupled clusterMagnetic momentAtomic orbitalChemistryElectromagnetic shieldingGeneral Physics and AstronomyPhysics::Chemical PhysicsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAtomic physicsConfiguration interactionFull configuration interactionAnsatzThe Journal of Chemical Physics
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Analytic first and second derivatives for the CCSDT-n (n = 1–3) models: a first step towards the efficient calculation of CCSDT properties

2000

Analytic first and second derivatives of the energy are implemented for closed-shell systems described by the CCSDT-n (n=1, 1b, 2 and 3) and CC3 electron correlation models. A detailed discussion of the computational requirements of these calculations is given, along with diagrammatic formulas for all relevant quantities. The method is applied to calculate the nuclear magnetic shielding of H2O, CO and N2O and the structure and properties of propadienylidene.

Diagrammatic reasoningElectronic correlationComputational chemistryChemistryTriatomic moleculeElectromagnetic shieldingStructure (category theory)General Physics and AstronomyApplied mathematicsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryPropadienylideneDiatomic moleculeSecond derivativePhysical Chemistry Chemical Physics
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Experimental assessment of the shield-to-salt-fog properties of basalt and glass fiber reinforced composites in cork core sandwich panels applications

2018

Abstract In this paper, the effect of salt-fog exposition on the mechanical behavior of sandwich panels having cork agglomerate core was investigated. In particular, the aim of this research work is to assess the shield function of unidirectional basalt and E-glass reinforced polymer on the aging and failure mechanism of the core when such class of material are destined to operate in hostile environments (e.g., marine environment). To do this, the manufactured sandwich panels were exposed up to 60 days to salt-fog environment, according to ASTM B 117 standard. Unaged and aged specimens were analyzed through three point bending tests after aging time of 10, 25 and 60 days. Digital Image Corr…

Digital image correlationMaterials scienceThree point flexural testGlass fiber02 engineering and technologySalt-fog agingCorkengineering.material01 natural sciencesIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringSettore ING-IND/14 - Progettazione Meccanica E Costruzione Di MacchineShield0103 physical sciencesComposite materialSettore ING-IND/04 - Costruzioni E Strutture AerospazialiSandwich-structured composite010302 applied physicsBasalt fiberMechanical EngineeringDigital image correlation021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologySettore ING-IND/02 - Costruzioni E Impianti Navali E MariniSettore ING-IND/22 - Scienza E Tecnologia Dei MaterialiMechanics of MaterialsAgglomerateGlass fiberBasalt fiberSandwich panelsCeramics and Compositesengineering0210 nano-technologyCorkSettore ICAR/08 - Scienza Delle Costruzioni
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Flow resistance law under equilibrium bed-load transport conditions

2018

Abstract The uniform flow resistance equation, in the form due to Manning or Darcy-Weisbach, is often applied to determine the stage-discharge relationship of a river cross-section. The application of this equation, namely the slope-area method, allows to indirectly measure by water level readings the corresponding river discharge. In this paper, a recently deduced flow resistance equation for open channel flow was tested during conditions of equilibrium bed-load transport. First the flow resistance equation was determined by dimensional analysis and applying the condition of incomplete self-similarity for the flow velocity profile. Then the analysis was developed by the following steps: (i…

Dimensional analysi010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences0208 environmental biotechnology02 engineering and technology01 natural sciencesShields parametersymbols.namesakeFroude numberElectrical and Electronic EngineeringInstrumentation0105 earth and related environmental sciencesBed loadPhysicsFlow velocity profileComputer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition020801 environmental engineeringComputer Science ApplicationsOpen-channel flowFlumeSelf-similarityFlow conditionsFlow velocityFlow resistanceLawModeling and SimulationsymbolsPotential flowBed-load
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Partial Discharge on-line measures in cable's EPR insulation

2004

In this paper, an experimental study, carried out on an operating MV cable, is presented. The aim is to identify, locate and characterize defects in the cable's EPR (ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber) insulation. Direct partial discharge measurements have been compared to those obtained by high frequency electromagnetic field measures. The latter have been carried out using a sensor which does not require any galvanic connection with the system under test and that performs an intrinsic localization of the defect. Moreover, an analysis of an MV cable junction has been carried out using the same tools.

Electromagnetic fieldMaterials sciencebusiness.industryAcousticsElectrical engineeringElectrical treeingEthylene propylene rubberLine (electrical engineering)law.inventionpartial dischargeSettore ING-IND/31 - ElettrotecnicaNatural rubberlawvisual_artShielded cablePartial dischargevisual_art.visual_art_mediumGalvanic cellbusiness
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Lessons learned with the SAGE spectrometer

2012

The SAGE spectrometer combines a high-efficiency γ-ray detection system with an electron spectrometer. Some of the design features have been known to be problematic and surprises have come up during the early implementation of the spectrometer. Tests related to bismuth germanate Compton-suppression shields, electron detection efficiency and an improved cooling system are discussed in the paper.

Electron spectrometerMaterials scienceSpectrometerPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectors010308 nuclear & particles physicsbusiness.industryShieldsElectronCondensed Matter Physics01 natural sciencesBismuth germanateAtomic and Molecular Physics and Opticschemistry.chemical_compoundOpticschemistry0103 physical sciencesWater coolingNuclear Experiment010306 general physicsbusinessMathematical PhysicsRemote sensingPhysica Scripta
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Nuclear magnetic shielding constants in the CC2 model

1997

Abstract Test calculations of nuclear magnetic shielding constants in the CC2 model are performed using the gauge-including atomic orbital approach. Absolute shielding constants are reported for reprsentative first-row hydrides, a few multiply bonded molecules and some challenging cases. The performance of CC2 is analyzed by comparison with experimental data and results from calculations employing more sophisticated treatments of electron correlation. In most cases, CC2 shieldings and chemical shifts are close to those obtained at second-order perturbation theory, despite the fact that the CC2 model includes an approximate treatment of orbital relaxation effects at the correlated level.

Electronic correlationAtomic orbitalChemistryRelaxation effectChemical shiftElectromagnetic shieldingGeneral Physics and AstronomyMoleculeShielding effectPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryPerturbation theoryAtomic physicsChemical Physics Letters
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