Search results for "Shock"

Numerical study of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation and dispersive shock waves

2018

A detailed numerical study of the long time behaviour of dispersive shock waves in solutions to the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) I equation is presented. It is shown that modulated lump solutions emerge from the dispersive shock waves. For the description of dispersive shock waves, Whitham modulation equations for KP are obtained. It is shown that the modulation equations near the soliton line are hyperbolic for the KPII equation while they are elliptic for the KPI equation leading to a focusing effect and the formation of lumps. Such a behaviour is similar to the appearance of breathers for the focusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation in the semiclassical limit.

Indications of a Si-rich bilateral jet of ejecta in the Vela SNR observed with XMM-Newton

2017

Context. The Vela supernova remnant displays several ejecta, which are fragment-like features protruding beyond the front of its primary blast shock wave. They appear to be "shrapnel", bowshock-shaped relics of the supernova explosion. One of these pieces of shrapnel (A), located in the northeastern edge of the remnant, is peculiar because its X-ray spectrum exhibits a high Si abundance, in contrast to the other observed ejecta fragments, which show enhanced O, Ne, and Mg abundances. Aims. In this Letter we present the analysis of another ejecta fragment located opposite to shrapnel A with respect to the center of the shell, in the southwestern boundary of the remnant, named shrapnel G. We …

Cosmological shock waves: clues to the formation history of haloes

2012

Shock waves developed during the formation and evolution of cosmic structures encode crucial information on the hierarchical formation of the Universe. We analyze an Eulerian AMR hydro + N-body simulation in a $\Lambda$CDM cosmology focused on the study of cosmological shock waves. The combination of a shock-capturing algorithm together with the use of a halo finder allows us to study the morphological structures of the shock patterns, the statistical properties of shocked cells, and the correlations between the cosmological shock waves appearing at different scales and the properties of the haloes harbouring them. The shocks in the simulation can be split into two broad classes: internal w…

3D MHD modeling of the expanding remnant of SN 1987A : role of magnetic field and non-thermal radio emission

2018

Aims. We investigate the role played by a pre-supernova (SN) ambient magnetic field on the dynamics of the expanding remnant of SN 1987A and the origin and evolution of the radio emission from the remnant, in particular, during the interaction of the blast wave with the nebula surrounding the SN. Methods. We model the evolution of SN 1987A from the breakout of the shock wave at the stellar surface to the expansion of its remnant through the surrounding nebula by 3D MHD simulations. The model considers the radiative cooling, the deviations from equilibrium of ionization, the deviation from temperature-equilibration between electrons and ions, and a plausible configuration of the pre-SN ambie…

X-ray Emission from Protostellar Jets

2008

Axisymmetric simulations of magnetorotational core collapse: approximate inclusion of general relativistic effects

2006

We continue our investigations of the magnetorotational collapse of stellar cores discussing simulations performed with a modified Newtonian gravitational potential that mimics general relativistic effects. The approximate TOV potential used in our simulations catches several features of fully relativistic simulations quite well. It is able to correctly reproduce the behavior of models which show a qualitative change both of the dynamics and the gravitational wave signal when switching from Newtonian to fully relativistic simulations. If this is not the case, the Newtonian and the approximate TOV models differ quantitatively. The collapse proceeds to higher densities with the approximate TO…

Modeling particle acceleration and non-thermal emission in supernova remnants

2021

According to the most popular model for the origin of cosmic rays (CRs), supernova remnants (SNRs) are the site where CRs are accelerated. Observations across the electromagnetic spectrum support this picture through the detection of non-thermal emission that is compatible with being synchrotron or inverse Compton radiation from high energy electrons, or pion decay due to proton-proton interactions. These observations of growing quantity and quality promise to unveil many aspects of CRs acceleration and require more and more accurate tools for their interpretation. Here, we show how multi-dimensional MHD models of SNRs, including the effects on shock dynamics due to back-reaction of acceler…

Influence of custom-made and prefabricated insoles before and after an intense run

2017

[EN] Each time the foot contacts the ground during running there is a rapid deceleration that results in a shock wave that is transmitted from the foot to the head. The fatigue of the musculoskeletal system during running may decrease the ability of the body to absorb those shock waves and increase the risk of injury. Insoles are commonly prescribed to prevent injuries, and both custom-made and prefabricated insoles have been observed to reduce shock accelerations during running. However, no study to date has included a direct comparison of their behaviour measured over the same group of athletes, and therefore great controversy still exists regarding their effectiveness in reducing impact …

Diffusion of point defects in shocked molecular crystals

2005

The dynamic response of a molecular crystal containing defects to shock wave loading is modeled and the resulting diffusion of point defects is simulated. It is shown that diffusion proceeds not only via the stress assisted diffusion, which is point defect diffusion in a stress field, also known as the Gorsky effect, but also through defect diffusion in the field of inertial forces. The method for modeling diffusion of point defects in shocked solids is developed. It is shown that diffusion in the inertial field significantly exceeds the stress diffusion in organic molecular crystals. Interplay between stress-assisted and inertial diffusion leads to the separation of light particles from he…

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Distribution of Residual Stresses Induced by Laser Shock Peening in a 2050-T8 Aluminium Alloy

2011

Laser shock peening (LSP) is an innovative surface treatment technique successfully applied to improving fatigue performance of metallic material. The specific characteristic of (LSP) is the generation of a low work-hardening and a deep compressive residual stresses mechanically produced by a laser-induced shock wave propagating in the material. The aim of this study is to analyse the residual stress distribution induced by laser peening in 2050-T8 aluminium alloy experimentally by the X-ray diffraction technique (method sin2Y) and numerically, by a finite element numerical modelling. A specific focus was put on the residual stress distribution along the surface of the impacted material.