Search results for "Sirtuin"

showing 10 items of 67 documents

Interventions to Slow Aging in Humans: Are We Ready?

2015

The workshop entitled 'Interventions to Slow Aging in Humans: Are We Ready?' was held in Erice, Italy, on October 8-13, 2013, to bring together leading experts in the biology and genetics of aging and obtain a consensus related to the discovery and development of safe interventions to slow aging and increase healthy lifespan in humans. There was consensus that there is sufficient evidence that aging interventions will delay and prevent disease onset for many chronic conditions of adult and old age. Essential pathways have been identified, and behavioral, dietary, and pharmacologic approaches have emerged. Although many gene targets and drugs were discussed and there was not complete consens…

GerontologyAgingDisease onsetPrescription DrugsLongevityPsychological interventionReviewsBiologyAMP-Activated Protein KinasesGrowth hormoneAging; Anti-aging; Centenarians; Dietary restriction; Lifespan studies; Longevity gene; Longevity regulation; Cell Biology; AgingDietary interventionsBiological FactorsMicelongevity geneSettore BIO/13 - Biologia ApplicataAnimalsHumansSirtuinsProtein restrictionCentenarianInsulin-Like Growth Factor ILifespan studieCaloric RestrictionSettore MED/04 - Patologia GeneraleGeroscienceGene targetsRibosomal Protein S6 KinasesTOR Serine-Threonine Kinasesanti-agingdietary restrictionCell Biologydietary restriction ; lifespan studies ; longevity gene ; centenarians ; anti-aging ; longevity regulation ; aginglongevity regulation3. Good healthDietEnzyme ActivationGene Expression RegulationGrowth HormoneGenetics of agingcentenariansaging; anti-aging; centenarians; dietary restriction; lifespan studies; longevity gene; longevity regulationSignal Transductionlifespan studies
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Genetic manipulation of longevity-related genes as a tool to regulate yeast life span and metabolite production during winemaking

2013

Abstract Background Yeast viability and vitality are essential for different industrial processes where the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used as a biotechnological tool. Therefore, the decline of yeast biological functions during aging may compromise their successful biotechnological use. Life span is controlled by a variety of molecular mechanisms, many of which are connected to stress tolerance and genomic stability, although the metabolic status of a cell has proven a main factor affecting its longevity. Acetic acid and ethanol accumulation shorten chronological life span (CLS), while glycerol extends it. Results Different age-related gene classes have been modified by deletion or o…

HST3GlycerolSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsTranscription Genetic<it>HST3</it>Saccharomyces cerevisiaeLongevitylcsh:QR1-502SOD2BioengineeringApoptosisWinePUB1Saccharomyces cerevisiaeStressApplied Microbiology and Biotechnologylcsh:MicrobiologyHistone DeacetylasesStress granuleSirtuin 2<it>PUB1</it>Gene expressionChronological agingSirtuinsNADH NADPH OxidoreductasesRNA MessengerEthanol metabolismSilent Information Regulator Proteins Saccharomyces cerevisiaeAcetic AcidbiologyEthanolSuperoxide DismutaseResearchRNA-Binding Proteinsbiology.organism_classificationYeastYeastBiochemistryCaspasesFermentationMutationFermentationHistone deacetylaseGene DeletionBiotechnologyMicrobial Cell Factories
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Moderate weight loss attenuates chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human obesity

2018

Abstract Objective In obese patients undergoing caloric restriction, there are several potential mechanisms involved in the improvement of metabolic outcomes. The present study further explores whether caloric restriction can modulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial function, as both are known to be mechanisms underlying inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) during obesity. Methods A total of 64 obese patients with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 underwent a dietary program consisting of 6 weeks of a very-low-calorie diet followed by 18 weeks of low-calorie diet. We evaluated changes in the metabolic and inflammatory markers -TNFα, hsCRP, complement component 3 (C3c), and retinol bindi…

Male0301 basic medicineGPX1MitochondrionSystemic inflammationmedicine.disease_causeGlutathione Peroxidase GPX10302 clinical medicineSirtuin 1Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiPHeat-Shock ProteinsMembrane Potential MitochondrialbiologyComplement C3Middle AgedEndoplasmic Reticulum StressMitochondriaC-Reactive ProteinFemalemedicine.symptomAdultmedicine.medical_specialty030209 endocrinology & metabolism03 medical and health sciencesInsulin resistanceInternal medicineWeight LossmedicineHumansObesityMolecular BiologyCaloric RestrictionInflammationGlutathione PeroxidaseRetinol binding protein 4Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphabusiness.industryEndoplasmic reticulumCell Biologymedicine.disease030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologySpainbiology.proteinUnfolded protein responseInsulin ResistanceReactive Oxygen SpeciesbusinessRetinol-Binding Proteins PlasmaOxidative stressMolecular Metabolism
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Conserved role of Ras-GEFs in promoting aging: from yeast to mice

2011

RasGRF1 is a Ras-guanine nucleotide exchange factor implicated in a variety of physiological processes including learning and memory and glucose homeostasis. To determine the role of RASGRF1 in aging, lifespan and metabolic parameters were analyzed in aged RasGrf1(-/-) mice. We observed that mice deficient for RasGrf1(-/-) display an increase in average and most importantly, in maximal lifespan (20% higher than controls). This was not due to the role of Ras in cancer because tumor-free survival was also enhanced in these animals. Aged RasGrf1(-/-) displayed better motor coordination than control mice. Protection against oxidative stress was similarly preserved in old RasGrf1(-/-). IGF-I lev…

MaleAgingpositron emission tomographyProtein familyCellular differentiationLongevityCellSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMiceSirtuin 1RNA Ribosomal 16SmedicineAnimalsInsulin-Like Growth Factor IGEFCaloric RestrictionMice KnockoutBase Sequenceaging stress resistance yeast lifespanbiologyras-GRF1SUPERFAMILYCell Biologybiology.organism_classificationMolecular biologyYeastLiver GlycogenCell biologyMice Inbred C57BLOxidative StressGlucosemedicine.anatomical_structureRanCommentaryMetabolomeIGF-1Femaleras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsRabmetabolismPsychomotor PerformanceResearch PaperRasAging
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SARS CoV2 infection _The longevity study perspectives

2021

Graphical abstract

MaleAgingssRNA single-stranded RNARFLP restriction fragment length polymorphismHSPs heat shock proteinsReviewPTMs post-translational modificationsSevere Acute Respiratory SyndromeBiochemistryHIV-1 human immunodeficiency virus-1TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-αEC endothelial cells0302 clinical medicineFluAV influenza A virusI insertionMedicineIFN-γ interferon-γDIC disseminated intravascular coagulationPCR Polymerase Chain Reactionmedia_commonAged 80 and overLongevityRBD receptor-binding domainNeurologyLongevity modelMI myocardial infarctionNK natural killerhPIV2 human parainfluenza virus type 2media_common.quotation_subjectResearching genetic basis of resistance and potential pharmacological targetsLongevityDBP diastolic blood pressureNF-Kb nuclear transcription factor kBRANTES regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secretedMphi human macrophages03 medical and health sciencesCox 2 cyclooxygenase 2ORF open reading framePT prothrombin timeSettore MED/05 - Patologia ClinicaHumansMolecular BiologyInflammatory genesARDS acute respiratory distress syndromeNO nitric oxideD deletionCpGIs CpG islandsT2DM type 2 diabetes mellitusmedicine.diseaseFDP fibrin degradation products030104 developmental biologySARS CoV2 severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 virusImmunologyBMI body max indexItalian nonagenarians/centenariansRSV respiratory syncytial virusComplication030217 neurology & neurosurgeryMAPK mitogen-activated protein kinaseIP-10 IFN-γ -Inducible Protein 1040301 basic medicineAT1R activity of angiotensin 1 receptorsDCs dentritic cellsSSCP single strand conformation polymorphismACE/DD polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzymeFGF21 fibroblast growth factor 21TLR4 toll-like receptor 4NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideACE angiotensin-I converting enzymeAT2R activity of angiotensin 2 receptorsCOVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019Respiratory distressACE2 angiotensin converting enzyme 2MKP-1 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 ()PD protease domainSNP single nucleotide polymorphismEH essential hypertensionTNFR tumor necrosis factor receptorINR international normalized ratio of the prothrombin timePAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1Ang angiotensinLPS lipopolysaccharideMCP1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1medicine.symptomaPTT partial thromboplastin timeBiotechnologyDUSP1 dual specificity phosphatase 1Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)PC prostate cancerRAS renin-angiotensin aldosterone systemCCR5Δ32 genetic variant of chemokine receptorCOVID-19 Researching genetic basis of resistance and potential pharmacological targets Italian nonagenarians/centenarians Longevity modelAsymptomaticSARS-1 severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 1SIRT-1 Sirtuin 1Th1 t-helper lymphocyte type 1Immune systemROS reactive oxygen speciesTGF-β transforming growth factor betaET-1 endothelin-1ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICSADAM-17 metallopeptidase domain 17business.industrySARS-CoV-2SBP systolic blood pressureCOVID-19HDACs histone deacetylasesComorbidityImmune Systembusiness5-LO lipoxygenase 5Ageing Research Reviews
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Polychlorinated biphenyls affect histone modification pattern in early development of rats: a role for androgen receptor-dependent modulation?

2012

Background: The epigenome represents an important target of environmental pollution. Early-life exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) modifies sex steroid enzymes and receptor transcription patterns. Steroid receptors, such as androgen receptor (AR), function as coregulators of histone modification enzymes. Aim: To clarify if a PCB early-life exposure might affect the epigenome in rat liver, we analyzed some histone post-translational modifications (H3K4me3 and H4K16Ac) and the corresponding histone remodeling enzymes, and the AR as a histone enzyme coregulator. Results: We observed a decrease of H4K16Ac and H3K4me3 levels, possibly linked to the induction of chromatin-modifying enz…

MaleCancer Researchmedicine.medical_specialtyJumonji Domain-Containing Histone DemethylasesTranscription GeneticEnvironmental pollutionMethylationEpigenesis GeneticHistonesRats Sprague-DawleySirtuin 1PregnancyInternal medicineGeneticsmedicineAnimalsHumansEpigeneticsReceptorbiologyEpigenomeDNA MethylationPolychlorinated BiphenylsRatsAndrogen receptorEndocrinologyHistoneHEK293 CellsLiverSex steroidReceptors AndrogenPrenatal Exposure Delayed Effectsbiology.proteinH3K4me3CpG IslandsEnvironmental PollutantsFemaleEpigenomics
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Muscle NAD+ depletion and Serpina3n as molecular determinants of murine cancer cachexia—the effects of blocking myostatin and activins

2020

Objective Cancer cachexia and muscle loss are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In preclinical animal models, blocking activin receptor (ACVR) ligands has improved survival and prevented muscle wasting in cancer cachexia without an effect on tumour growth. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify cancer cachexia and soluble ACVR (sACVR) administration-evoked changes in muscle proteome. Methods Healthy and C26 tumour-bearing (TB) mice were treated with recombinant sACVR. The sACVR or PBS control were administered either prior to the tumour formation or by continued administration before and after tumour formation. Muscles were an…

MaleEXPRESSIONActivin receptor; APR; C26; Cancer cachexia; Nrk2; OXPHOSlcsh:Internal medicineCachexiaREVERSALActivin ReceptorsMETABOLISMactivin receptorOxidative PhosphorylationCell Line TumorAnimalsMuscle Skeletallcsh:RC31-1245aineenvaihduntaSerpinslihassolut318 Medical biotechnologyNrk2Cancer cachexiaMyostatinNADOXPHOSMUSCULAR-DYSTROPHYActivinsMitochondriaActivin receptorDisease Models AnimalMuscular AtrophyMICESIRTUINSOriginal ArticlesyöpätauditproteiinitC26lihassurkastumasairaudetAPRAcute-Phase Proteinscancer cachexia
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Free [NADH]/[NAD+] regulates sirtuin expression

2011

Sirtuins are deacetylases involved in metabolic regulation and longevity. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that they are subjected to redox regulation by the [NADH]/[NAD(+)] ratio. We used NIH3T3 fibroblasts in culture, Drosophila fed with or without ethanol and exercising rats. In all three models an increase in [NADH]/[NAD(+)] came up with an increased expression of sirtuin mRNA and protein. PGC-1α (a substrate of sirtuins) protein level was significantly increased in fibroblasts incubated with lactate and pyruvate but this effect was lost in fibroblasts obtained from sirtuin-deficient mice. We conclude that the expression of sirtuins is subject to tight redox regulation by the [NADH]/[…

MaleMetaboliteBiophysicsBiochemistryMicechemistry.chemical_compoundPhysical Conditioning AnimalPyruvic AcidAnimalsSirtuinsLactic AcidRNA MessengerRats WistarEthanol metabolismMolecular BiologyCells CulturedGlyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenaseRegulation of gene expressionMessenger RNAEthanolbiologyFibroblastsNADPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alphaRatsCell biologyDrosophila melanogasterGlycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseGene Expression RegulationchemistryBiochemistrySirtuinNIH 3T3 CellsTrans-Activatorsbiology.proteinNAD+ kinaseOxidation-ReductionTranscription FactorsArchives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
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Mitochondrial biogenesis fails in secondary biliary cirrhosis in rats leading to mitochondrial DNA depletion and deletions

2011

Chronic cholestasis is characterizedby mitochondrial dysfunction, associated with loss of mitochondrialmembrane potential, decreased activities of respiratory chaincomplexes, and ATP production. Our aim was to determine themolecular mechanisms that link long-term cholestasis to mitochondrialdysfunction. We studied a model of chronic cholestasis inducedby bile duct ligation in rats. Key sensors and regulators of theenergetic state and mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)-to-nuclear DNA (nDNA) ratio (mtDNA/nDNA) relativecopy number, mtDNA deletions, and indexes of apoptosis (BAX,BCL-2, and cleaved caspase 3) and cell proliferation (PCNA) wereevaluated. Our results show that long…

MaleMitochondrial DNAPhysiologyMitochondrial TurnoverMitochondrial HepatopathyNF-E2-Related Factor 1Respiratory chainMitochondria LiverProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesMitochondrionBiologyDNA MitochondrialSirtuin 1CholestasisProliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenPhysiology (medical)medicineAnimalsRats Wistarbcl-2-Associated X ProteinCholestasisHepatologyCaspase 3Liver Cirrhosis BiliaryGastroenterologyPyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring KinaseRNA-Binding ProteinsTFAMmedicine.diseaseGA-Binding Protein Transcription FactorPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alphaMolecular biologyRatsGenes MitochondrialProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2Mitochondrial biogenesisChronic DiseaseBile DuctsGene DeletionTranscription FactorsAmerican Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
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Different Patterns of Lung Sirtuin Expression in Smokers With and Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2012

Background and Objective. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by persistent and modified inflammatory responses in lung. Human sirtuin, an antiaging and antiinflammatory protein, is a metabolic NAD(+)-dependent protein/histone deacetylase that regulates proinflammatory mediators by deacetylating histone and nonhistone proteins. The aim of our study was to compare the expression of sirtuin in large and small airways in nonsmokers, asymptomatic smokers, and smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Material and Methods. A total of 12 nonsmokers, 14 asymptomatic smokers, and 12 smokers with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were enrolled into the study…

Malechronic obstructive pulmonary disease; sirtuin; airflow limitationAsymptomaticProinflammatory cytokinePulmonary Disease Chronic ObstructiveWestern blotMedicineHumansSirtuinsLungAgedLungbiologymedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industrySmokingGeneral MedicineMiddle Agedrespiratory systemrespiratory tract diseasesHistonemedicine.anatomical_structureSirtuinImmunologybiology.proteinImmunohistochemistryFemaleHistone deacetylasemedicine.symptombusinessMedicina; Volume 48; Issue 10; Pages: 80
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