Search results for "Skull"
showing 10 items of 220 documents
Cranial deformations in an Iron Age population from Münsingen-Rain, Switzerland
2008
The aim of this paper is an examination of cranial fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and deformations in the prehistoric population of Munsingen-Rain (La Tene period, Switzerland). The material consists of 76 skulls. Three cases of craniosynostosis, one scaphocephalic skull with complete obliteration of the sagittal suture and two plagiocephalic skulls were identified. CT scans showed that premature closure of the frontosphenoidal suture caused these plagiocephalies. For three asymmetrically deformed skulls, differential diagnosis indicates torticollis (wry neck). Another four skulls exhibit strongly developed asymmetries of the cranium and mandible, but an aetiological diagnosis was not possible.…
Le supra-occipital des Cétacés et des Rongeurs fouisseurs. Une convergence morphologique induite par le pôle post-céphalique ?
2000
A comparative study of the cranial morphologies of cetaceans and of rodents that use their incisors for burrowing brings out morphological convergences concerning the supra-occipital bone. These phyletically very remote groups are both subject to the same mechanical constraint, viz. the need for the spinal column to be aligned with the anteroposterior axis of the skull. This constraint, which is related to swimming in cetaceans and burrowing in rodents, entails three major points of convergence: 1) a clearly backward facing foramen magnum; 2) a shortened or even greatly shortened neck, sometimes with cervical vertebrae fused together; and 3) an uprighted or even forward tilted supra-occipit…
Intracranial Pressure and Mass Displacements of the Intracranial Contents
1976
The brain is completely surrounded by the bony skull and its closely adherent, tough, dural inner lining. This converts the enclosed space into a watertight chamber with the exception of the small, basally situated foramen magnum. In adults, these factors combine to prevent the skull from expanding. Consequently, the intracranial volume cannot fluctuate. In addition, the intracranial contents — blood, brain, and spinal fluid — are essentially noncompressible.
The cranium ofPiscogavialis jugaliperforatus n.gen., n.sp. (Gavialidae, Crocodylia) from the Miocene of Peru
1998
The description of a new gavialid genus and species (Piscogavialis jugaliperforatus) from the Pisco Formation (Neogene) of the Sacaco Basin (southern Peru) is given. The Pisco Formation is well known for its high diversity of fossil vertebrates, but reptiles have not been described previously. The type specimen ofP. jugaliperforatus from the Pisco Formation is a well preserved complete skull of a large individual with an almost complete associated mandible and posteranial material.P. jugaliperforatus is referred to Gavialidae, primarily because of the presence of key characters in the occipital region.
�ber die Aktions- und Handlungsf�higkeit bei schweren Sch�deltraumen
1967
Fur den als zu eng aufgefasten Begriff der Handlungsfahigkeit wird der Begriff der Aktionsfahigkeit vorgeschlagen und nach den biologischen Gegebenheiten vier Stufen derselben, namlich die Befahigung zur reflektorischen Aktion, die Moglichkeit zu Automatismen, die instinktive Reaktion und die Handlungsfahigkeit als bewustes Verhalten unterschieden. Anhand von Beispielen wird ausgefuhrt, das mit den Automatismen auch bei sofort todlichen Verletzungen zu rechnen sei. Eine positive Relation zwischen anatomischen Veranderungen und Uberlebenszeit, sowie den bei der Sektion feststellbaren Gehirnveranderungen und dem Bewustseinszustand hat sich nicht ergeben. Ein Ausschlus der Handlungsfahigkeit k…
Fehlerquellen der Navigation in der lateralen Sch�delbasischirurgie
2003
Die Identifikation moglicher Storfaktoren navigationsunterstutzter Eingriffe an der lateralen Schadelbasis ermoglichen dem Anwender die Vermeidung und Behebung dieser Fehler. Anhand unserer Erfahrungen von 85 navigationsunterstutzten Eingriffen im Bereich der lateralen Schadelbasis werden Fehler der Hard- und Software, der Bildgebung und des -transfers, der Patientenregistrierung, durch den Anwender und solche strategischer Art analysiert. Bei optischen CAS-Systemen fuhrt eine Blockade des Sichtfelds der Kameras zu Funktionsbeschrankungen, wahrend elektromagnetische Systeme durch ferromagnetisch aktive Materialien beeinflusst werden konnen. Die bisherigen Verfahren der Patientenregistrierun…
Beyond the functional matrix hypothesis: a network null model of human skull growth for the formation of bone articulations.
2014
Craniofacial sutures and synchondroses form the boundaries among bones in the human skull, providing functional, developmental and evolutionary information. Bone articulations in the skull arise due to interactions between genetic regulatory mechanisms and epigenetic factors such as functional matrices (soft tissues and cranial cavities), which mediate bone growth. These matrices are largely acknowledged for their influence on shaping the bones of the skull; however, it is not fully understood to what extent functional matrices mediate the formation of bone articulations. Aiming to identify whether or not functional matrices are key developmental factors guiding the formation of bone articu…
Ein neues captorhinomorphes reptil aus dem thüringischen rotliegend (Unter-Perm; Ost-Deutschland)
1991
Thuringothyris mahlendorffae n.gen. n.sp. is described on the basis of the skull roof, palate, stapes and much of the postcranial skeleton from the Upper Rotliegend (Tambach-Schichten) of the Thuringian Forest in eastern Germany. The new taxon shows both protorothyridid and some captorhinid features. The interrelationships of the »Protorothyrididae«, primitive Captorhinidae, and earliest Diapsida are reviewd. The tetrapod material is used to reassess the biostratigraphic position of the fossil-bearing horizon.
Reconstruction of full thickness scalp defects after tumour excision in elderly patients: our experience with Integra dermal regeneration template.
2010
Summary Background Scalp reconstruction after wide tumor excision is particularly challenging. Free tissue transfers, local flaps, or skin grafts can be used but present some disadvantages especially with old patients with local advanced cancers, systemic diseases and in patients with a prior history of recurring scalp skin cancers in which the risk of burying a recurring tumor with a flap is likely. The Authors expose their early experience with Integra ® dermal regeneration template for scalp reconstruction after scalp tumor excision. Methods Eight patients with primary or secondary scalp tumor underwent a first surgical procedure under local anaesthesia for tumor removal and Integra ® po…
Innovations in the Art of Microneurosurgery for Reaching Deep-Seated Cerebral Lesions.
2019
Deep-seated cerebral lesions have fascinated and frustrated countless surgical innovators since the dawn of the microneurosurgical era. To determine the optimal approach, the microneurosurgeon must take into account the characteristics and location of the pathological lesion as well as the operator's range of technical expertise. Increasingly, microneurosurgeons must select between multiple operative corridors that can provide access to the surgical target. Innovative trajectories have emerged for many indications that provide more flexible operative angles and superior exposure but result in longer working distances and more technically demanding maneuvers. In this article, we highlight 4 …