Search results for "Small"
showing 10 items of 2441 documents
Measuring change in health care equity using small-area administrative data – Evidence from the English NHS 2001–2008
2012
This study developed a method for measuring change in socio-economic equity in health care utilisation using small-area level administrative data. Our method provides more detailed information on utilisation than survey data but only examines socio-economic differences between neighbourhoods rather than individuals. The context was the English NHS from 2001 to 2008, a period of accelerated expenditure growth and pro-competition reform. Hospital records for all adults receiving non-emergency hospital care in the English NHS from 2001 to 2008 were aggregated to 32,482 English small areas with mean population about 1500 and combined with other small-area administrative data. Regression models …
Complete congenital heart block in autoimmune hepatitis (SLA-positive).
1994
Complete congenital heart block is a serious complication of neonatal lupus erythematosus which most often occurs in children of mothers suffering from connective tissue disease. We report the occurrence of complete congenital heart block associated with autoimmune hepatitis (SLA-positive). A 32-year-old woman was treated for more than 10 years for autoimmune hepatitis (SLA-/ANA-positive) and remained in clinical remission under immunosuppressive therapy. She showed an MHC-haplotype typical for autoimmune hepatitis (A1, B8, DR3). After a normal first pregnancy, an emergency caesarean section was performed in the 32nd week of her second pregnancy because of fetal bradycardia. The child died …
Autoimmune enteropathy and colitis in an adult patient
2003
The presence of circulating autoantibodies to gut enterocytes has been very rarely described in adults and is considered a possible cause of refractory sprue. Our aims was to describe the case of an adult patient with serum anti-enterocyte autoantibodies associated with a clinical picture characterized by involvement of both the small intestine and colon. A female, age 50, had suffered from diarrhea with mucus and blood, abdominal pain, thinness, anemia, and leukopenia since the age of 20. She also suffered from HCV infection and had mild chronic hepatitis. Family history was positive for autoimmunity. Symptoms were reported to worsen after eating gluten-containing foods, but anti-transglut…
Free amino acids in preterm and term milk from mothers delivering appropriate- or small-for-gestational-age infants.
1989
Free amino acids were quantitated in human milk collected during the first month postpartum from mothers of appropriate preterm (26-32 and 33-36 wk gestation) and term (small or appropriate-for-gestational-age) infants. Glutamic acid and taurine were the most abundant amino acids in all four groups at all stages of lactation. The ratio of essential to nonessential amino acids was higher in colostrum than in mature milk although the total amino acid level of mature milk was double that of the colostrum. Nonprotein amino acids amount to approximately 40% of the free-amino acid pool in colostrum. Differences in the content and changes in free-amino acid levels during lactation among the groups…
Gluten affects epithelial differentiation-associated genes in small intestinal mucosa of coeliac patients
2007
Summary In coeliac disease gluten induces an immunological reaction in genetically susceptible patients, and influences on epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation in the small-bowel mucosa. Our aim was to find novel genes which operate similarly in epithelial proliferation and differentiation in an epithelial cell differentiation model and in coeliac disease patient small-bowel mucosal biopsy samples. The combination of cDNA microarray data originating from a three-dimensional T84 epithelial cell differentiation model and small-bowel mucosal biopsy samples from untreated and treated coeliac disease patients and healthy controls resulted in 30 genes whose mRNA expression was simila…
Maternal coffee drinking in pregnancy and risk of small for gestational age birth
2005
Objective: We have analysed the association between coffee drinking before and during the three trimesters of pregnancy and risk of small for gestational age (SGA) birth. Methods: Cases were 555 women who delivered SGA births (ie <10th percentile according Italian standard). The controls included 1966 women who gave birth at term (≥37 weeks of gestation) to healthy infants of normal weight. Results: In comparison with nondrinkers, the ORs for SGA birth were 1.3 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.9–1.9) for consumption of four or more cups of coffee/day before pregnancy, and 1.2 (95% CI 0.8–1.8), 1.2 (95% CI 0.8–1.8) and 0.9 (95% CI 0.6–1.4) for consumption of three or more cups of coffee/day d…
Assessment of ten trace elements in umbilical cord blood and maternal blood: association with birth weight
2015
Background Trace elements are an essential nutritional component for humans and inadequate tissue-concentrations may have a significant effect on fetal size. Objective To measure ten trace elements in blood samples from mothers and their newborns, and assess their association with anthropometric characteristics at birth. The effects of other factors on fetal growth, such as biologic characteristics of the infant and mother, were analysed. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Hospital general, University of Valencia, Spain. Healthy pregnant women, and their full-term infants were selected (n = 54 paired samples). Infants were grouped according to birth weight: small for gesta…
Bile salt-stimulated lipase activity in human colostrum from mothers of infants of different gestational age and birthweight.
1987
. The bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL) activity was measured in milk collected at 3–4 days postpartum (colostrum) from 36 mothers divided into three groups according to gestational age and birthweight of their infants. BSSL activity changed with the length of gestation. Preterm colostrum presented a mean activity significantly higher than the term groups (small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age) which had similar values. The ratio of BSSL activity to the estimated fat content was 6.33 in colostrum of mothers who delivered preterm and 4.20 in colostrum of both groups of term mothers. These data suggest that preterm colostrum has a higher fat digesting potential than t…
Intraductal proliferation in the pancreas and its relationship to human and experimental carcinogenesis
1980
In 21 patients who had undergone total pancreatectomy for pancreatic head carcinoma, the uninvolved pancreas was examined with regard to the type, incidence and regional distribution of duct epithelial proliferation. The results were compared with those in 37 operative specimens from patients with chronic pancreatitis, in 46 normal pancreases from autopsies and with findings in experimental pancreatic carcinogenesis. While the incidence of squamous metaplasia and non-papillary epithelial hypertrophy varied little in the different groups, papillary epithelial hyperplasia was found three times more often in cases of carcinoma, with associated mild duct obstruction. Atypical epithelial prolife…
Pancreatitis-associated protein in patients with celiac disease: Serum levels and immunocytochemical localization in small intestine
1997
Since PAP is a stress protein expressed in human pancreas during pancreatitis but also constitutively synthesized in the small intestine, we looked whether its expression would be altered in patients with celiac disease. Serum PAP concentrations were determined consecutively in 54 patients with celiac disease on a free diet (group A), in 47 patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet (group B), in 22 patients with other intestinal pathologies but with normal intestinal mucosa (group C), in 14 patients with retarded growth, no gastrointestinal disease and normal intestinal mucosa (group D), and in 17 controls (group E). Serum PAP levels (ng/ml) were significantly higher in group A (12…