Search results for "Smoking"
showing 10 items of 641 documents
<p>Early management of COPD: where are we now and where do we go from here? A Delphi consensus project</p>
2019
Purpose There is a lack of consensus on the most appropriate early diagnostic strategy, criteria for early access to treatment and follow-up approach for patients with COPD. Materials and methods A Delphi consensus project investigated the early management of COPD. We formulated two questionnaires for completion by pneumologists in Italy. Results A total of 207 specialists completed questionnaire 1 and 184 of them questionnaire 2, between November 2016 and October 2017. Early diagnosis of COPD was considered uncommon for 93.2% of the expert panel. Regardless of the definition of "early diagnosis" - a diagnosis made before the clinical manifestation of the disease for most responders (60.4%)…
The effects of the financial crisis on primary prevention of cancer
2010
The present financial crisis will affect primary cancer prevention through several avenues: personal lifestyle choices, exposure to environmental risk factors, decisions made in the private sector and public policy on cancer prevention. Whilst it is clearly problematic to reach solid conclusions on a direct connection between economic crises and cancer mortality, we can identify trends that provide guidance for further action. For some lifestyle choices such as smoking or diet, we argue that public policy may channel existing tendencies during times of crisis for clear added value. In other areas, including research and health system investments, we will make the case that the resources not…
Hsp60 and Hsp10 down-regulation predicts bronchial epithelial carcinogenesis in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
2006
BACKGROUND. The relation between smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer (LC) is an open field of investigation. A higher frequency of adenocarcinoma has been reported in patients with COPD. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are implicated in tumoral cell growth and differentiation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of Hsp60 and Hsp10 in bronchial biopsies from smokers with COPD and in 10 lung cancer patients and to evaluate the association between Hsps expression and carcinogenetic steps of LC. METHODS. An immunohistochemical study was performed for Hsp60 and Hsp10 in bronchial biopsies from 35 COPD (postbronchodilator forced expiratory …
Relation of childhood brain tumors to exposure of parents and children to tobacco smoke: The Search international case-control study
2002
The etiology of childhood brain tumors (CBTs) remains unknown. Tobacco smoke contains several known carcinogens and can induce DNA adducts in human placenta and hemoglobin adducts in fetuses. We present the results of an international case-control study to evaluate the association between CBTs and exposure of parents and children to cigarette smoke. The study was undertaken as part of the SEARCH program of the IARC. Nine centers in 7 countries were involved. The studies mainly covered the 1980s and early 1990s. Cases (1,218, ages 0-19 years) were children newly diagnosed with a primary brain tumor; there were 2,223 population-based controls. Most mothers who agreed to participate were inter…
Preclinical atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome increase cardio- and cerebrovascular events rate: a 20-year follow up
2013
BACKGROUND: Intima-media thickness (IMT) is a validated marker of preclinical atherosclerosis and a predictor of cardiovascular events. PATIENTS: We studied a population of 529 asymptomatic patients (age 62 ± 12.8 years), divided into two groups of subjects with and without Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). METHODS: All patients, at baseline, have had a carotid ultrasound evaluation and classified in two subgroups: the first one without atherosclerotic lesions and the second one with preclinical atherosclerosis (increased IMT or asymptomatic carotid plaque). Cardiovascular endpoints were investigated in a 20-years follow-up. RESULTS: There were 242 cardiovascular events: 144 among patients with Me…
Carotid atherosclerosis and chronic hepatitis C: A prospective study of risk associations
2011
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There are contrasting results in studies of cardiovascular risk in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (G1 CHC). We evaluated the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis compared with a control population in order to assess the potential association between atherosclerosis, host and viral factors, and liver histological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred seventy-four consecutive biopsy-proven G1 CHC patients were evaluated by anthropometric and metabolic measurements. One hundred seventy-four patients attending an outpatient cardiology unit were used as controls. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid plaques, defined as focal thickening of > 1.3 mm a…
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined With Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
2015
Abstract Background Further evidence suggests that repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective method to reduce tobacco craving among smokers. Hypothesis As relapse is common within a few days after smoking cessation, we hypothesized that combining the anti-craving effects of rTMS with Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to attenuate withdrawal symptoms could increase abstinence rates in smokers with severe nicotine dependence who quit smoking. Methods Thirty-seven smokers who failed to quit with the usual treatments were randomly assigned to two treatment groups to receive either active ( n = 18) or sham ( n = 19) 1-Hz rTMS of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cort…
Tobacco use in the third trimester of pregnancy and its relationship to birth weight. A prospective study in Spain
2015
Abstract Background Few studies have been carried out in Spain examining the use of tobacco amongst expectant mothers and its effect on birth weight. Aims To observe the proportion of expectant mothers who smoke during their pregnancy, and the impact of tobacco consumption on maternal and birth weight. We also aimed to identify the trimester of pregnancy in which tobacco use produced the greatest reduction in birth weight. Methods Prospective observational study in Spain. A random sampling strategy was used to select health centres and participant women. A total of 137 individuals were enrolled in the study. Exposure to tobacco was measured through a self-reported questionnaire. Regressions…
Preliminary results about the breath of passive smokers and vapers based on the use of portable air monitoring devices
2016
Abstract Preliminary studies were made on the effect of both, classical smoking and electronic cigarettes (ECs) vaping, based on the quality of the indoor air and the breath of passive smokers. Portable air monitoring devices were used to evaluate carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate materials (PM), formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air and breath of active and passive smokers and vapers. As preliminary results, it can be observed that the major part of PMs liberated in classical smoking and ECs vaping correspond to the lowest size, which is the most dangerous for human health. However, the number of smallest PMs formed during vaping is around 5…
Alkaline haematin D-575, a new tool for the determination of haemoglobin as an alternative to the cyanhaemiglobin method. I. description of the method
1984
A new method for the rapid and accurate measurement of haemoglobin has been developed as an alternative to the conventional cyanhaemiglobin method. This method is based on the conversion of all haeme, haemoglobin, and haemiglobin species into a stable end product by an alkaline solution of a non-ionic detergent ('AHD reagent'). The reaction product, designated as alkaline haematin D-575, is extremely stable and shows a characteristic absorption peak at 575 nm. As compared to the cyanhaemiglobin method, the determination of haemoglobin by alkaline haematin D-575 offers several advantages such as (1) extreme stability of the AHD reagent and the conversion product, (2) decreased conversion tim…