Search results for "Smut"
showing 10 items of 493 documents
Retinal oxidation, apoptosis and age- and sex-differences in the mnd mutant mouse, a model of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
2004
Retinal degeneration is an early and progressive event in many forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders with unknown pathogenesis. We here used the mutant motor neuron degeneration (mnd) mouse, a late-infantile NCL variant, to investigate the retinal oxidative state and apoptotic cell death as a function of age and sex. Total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels revealed progressive increases in retinal oxyradicals and lipid peroxides of mnd mice of both sexes. Female mnd retinas showed a higher oxidation rate and consistently exhibited the 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)-adduc…
Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Activity and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
2003
Along with superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase 1 is one of the cellular antioxidant enzymes that have a key role in controlling reactive oxygen species. It uses glutathione to reduce hydrogen peroxide to water and lipid peroxides to their respective alcohols. There are suggestions from in vitro and animal studies that these enzymes could protect against atherosclerosis. This prospective study examined the possibility that relatively high activity of antioxidant enzymes protects against cardiovascular events. The study population included 636 patients suspected of having coronary artery disease who were followed for a median period of 4.7 years. Stable angina was present in 510 pati…
Mucositis and salivary antioxidants in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT)
2014
Objectives: High doses of chemotherapy generate DNA damage in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT), due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to evaluate the local defensive effectiveness of the patient undergoing BMT, the concentrations of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and uric acid (UA) were measured in saliva. Study Design: Basal saliva samples were collected from 20 patients undergoing BMT at the Oncology Depart- ment, Sanatorio Allende (Córdoba), in the stages: initial, prior to conditioning therapy (I); middle: 7 to 10 days after BMT (M) and final stage, 30 days after discharge from isolation (F). SOD levels were determined using a…
Mutagenicity spectra in Salmonella typhimurium strains of glutathione, L-cysteine and active oxygen species
1989
Glutathione and L-cysteine, in the presence of rat kidney post-mitochondrial supernatant (S9) fraction, and various forms of active oxygen were investigated for mutagenicity in seven his- strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Glutathione and L-cysteine showed qualitatively and quantitatively virtually identical mutagenic activities. The number of mutants induced in strain TA97 was 3-4 times higher than in TA100, the strain in which the mutagenicity was originally detected. Mutagenic effects were also observed in strains TA92, TA102 and TA104, but not in TA1535 and TA1537. Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and glucose/glucose oxidase in the presence and absence of kidney S9 fraction showed pronounc…
Two‐dimensional analysis of myocardial protein expression following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in rabbits
2002
Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury (MI/R) can be related to leukocyte activation with subsequent release of cytokines and oxygen derived free radicals. Activation of the complement system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Inflammatory injury will subsequently result in cellular activation and protein synthesis. In the present study we analyzed the myocardial protein expression and its pattern following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, with and without complement inhibition with the synthetic serine protease inhibitor Futhan/nafamstat mesilate (FUT-175) known to inhibit classical and alternative complement pathway in a rabbit m…
Sex-dependent changes in the pulmonary vasoconstriction potential of newborn rats following short-term oxygen exposure
2012
Chronic exposure to supplemental oxygen (O(2)) induces lung damage and mortality in a sex-dependent manner. The effect of short-term hyperoxia on the newborn pulmonary vasculature is unknown but is, however, of clinical significance in the neonatal resuscitation context. We hypothesize that short-term hyperoxia has a sex-dependent effect on the pulmonary vasculature.Following 1-h 100% O(2) exposure, the pulmonary arteries and lung tissues of newborn rats were evaluated.Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) expression in female pups' lungs was increased as compared with that in the lungs of male pups. As compared with air-treated pups, the response of male pups to thromboxane was increased by O(2), …
Effect of a two-year supplementation with low doses of antioxidant vitamins and/or minerals in elderly subjects on levels of nutrients and antioxidan…
1997
Eighty-one elderly hospitalized subjects (65 years) were recruited for a double-blind placebo-controlled study to examine low dose supplementation of antioxidant vitamins and minerals on biological and functional parameters of free radical metabolism. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups, daily receiving for 2 years: placebo group; mineral group: 20 mg zinc, 100 micrograms selenium; vitamin group: 120 mg vitamin C (Vit C), 6 mg beta-carotene (beta CA), 15 mg vitamin E (Vit E); mineral and vitamin group: Zn 20 mg, Se 100 micrograms, Vit C 120 mg, beta CA 6 mg, Vit E 15 mg.Fifty-seven subjects completed the study. A large frequency of Vit C, Zn and Se deficienci…
Effect of xanthine oxidase-generated extracellular superoxide on skeletal muscle force generation
2009
Skeletal muscle contractions increase superoxide anion in skeletal muscle extracellular space. We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and 2) the increase in XO-derived extracellular superoxide anion during contractions affects skeletal muscle contractile function. Superoxide anion was monitored in the extracellular space of mouse gastrocnemius muscles by following the reduction of cytochrome c in muscle microdialysates. A 15-min protocol of nondamaging isometric contractions increased the reduction of cytochrome c in microdialysates, indicating an …
TORC1 Inhibition by Rapamycin Promotes Antioxidant Defences in a Drosophila Model of Friedreich’s Ataxia
2015
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), the most common inherited ataxia in the Caucasian population, is a multisystemic disease caused by a significant decrease in the frataxin level. To identify genes capable of modifying the severity of the symptoms of frataxin depletion, we performed a candidate genetic screen in a Drosophila RNAi-based model of FRDA. We found that genetic reduction in TOR Complex 1 (TORC1) signalling improves the impaired motor performance phenotype of FRDA model flies. Pharmacologic inhibition of TORC1 signalling by rapamycin also restored this phenotype and increased the lifespan and ATP levels. Furthermore, rapamycin reduced the altered levels of malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalke…
Iridoid extracts from Ajuga iva increase the antioxidant enzyme activities in red blood cells of rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet.
2010
The lyophilized aqueous extract of Ajuga iva (Ai) is able to reduce oxidative stress, which may prevent lipid peroxidation in hypercholesterolemic rats. Iridoids (I) were isolated from Ai. We hypothesized that the antioxidant defense status in red blood cells (RBC) and tissues in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet and treated with Ai may be correlated to these compounds. Male Wistar rats (n = 32) weighing 120 +/- 5 g were fed a diet containing 1% cholesterol for 15 days. After this phase, hypercholesterolemic (HC) rats were divided into groups, fed the same diet, and received either the same or different doses (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg body weight by intraperitoneal injection) of I for 15 days. Com…