Search results for "Social Mobility"
showing 10 items of 55 documents
Democratisation of Education and reduction in inequalities of opportunities : an obvious link?
2005
05057http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/143161.htm; Democratisation of Education is currently presented as an obvious way to reduce social inequalities of opportunities in life. But this consensual view is seldom assessed precisely. In this communication, we intend to put in perspective what we know concerning the evolution of both the inequalities towards education and the inequalities in life chances, in France, since the 50's. Has the society become less unequal at the same time education was expanding ? First, we shall present a synthesis of the controversial topic of democratisation in France : if some levels of education are now achieved by everybody (and so "democratized"), ineq…
Les classes moyennes et l'école : une insaisissable spécificité
2003
03003
L'inflation scolaire : Les désillusions de la méritocratie
2006
06001 - Il existe une édition japonaise, parue en décembre 2007, avec préface inédite.; « Les études, plus on fait, mieux on se porte ». Voici ce qu'on pourrait lire dans le Dictionnaire des idées reçues contemporaines à l'entrée « Ecole ». Cette conviction partagée est-elle encore pertinente ? On peut en douter. Pour les individus d'abord, dont le mérite ne se trouve pas nécessairement mieux reconnu, ni l'hérédité sociale mieux conjurée, parce qu'ils seront restés plus longtemps sur les bancs de l'école. Pour la société ensuite, car la distribution des places et des emplois ne se fait pas forcément de manière plus pertinente quand elle s'appuie sur les seuls diplômes délivrés par l'école. …
Obstacles Facing Smaller Business in Developing Countries
2003
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a central role in economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries and transition economies. Yet small and medium-scale enterprise may suffer from a number of disadvantages compared with larger firms. Market imperfections, notably those caused by underdeveloped financial and legal systems, typically constrain small firms and severely limit their ability to grow. Economies of scale and entry cost favor large firms, and large entrepreneurs usually wield more political influence. Thus government rules and regulations may also be biased in favor of large firms. To the extent that market and government failures are more prevalent in develop…
Plus d'éducation, pour qui, pour quoi ?
2005
La question des "moyens" semble résumer les revendications syndicales des enseignants. Or l'élévation des niveaux de diplôme ne réduit pas les inégalités sociales et scolaires entre les élèves, ni le taux de chômage des jeunes. C'est qu'il faut autrement, et de façon plus politique, poser la question de l'allocation des ressources et de leur évaluation : qui doit bénéficier de plus d'école ?
Measuring and Evaluating Intergenerational Mobility: Evidence from Students’ Questionnaires
2005
Three fundamental ideas in the study of intergenerational mobility are those of structural mobility, origin independence and rank reversal. We review the theoretical literature focused on the three ideas and present evidence from a questionnaire designed to test students’ views regarding the different notions. The questionnaire is conducted under both a “measurement” and an “evaluation” frame; it uses questions involving both verbal statements of the principles tested and pairwise comparisons of simple hypothetical mobility situations; for the latter exercise, the questionnaire introduces a new intuitive display based on mobility trees. The evidence provides various results: most notably, o…
Memorias silenciadas en la construcción de los servicios sociales
2006
Joaquin.Garcia-Roca@uv.es Este artículo revisa la historia de la formación del sistema público de servicios sociales en España y expone «las rutas que no se navegaron», los derechos y las aspiraciones a que dieron lugar o conformaron unas expectativas, el origen de la des institucionalización, la pérdida de movimiento social y el desarrollo comunitario. El principio neoliberal y la exaltación de la gestión, la conquista de las profesiones y la ingeniería social han contribuido a silenciar un proceso que todavía se puede recuperar. ¿Cómo? El autor plantea que los servicios sociales han de ser capaces de producir significados personales tales como el sentido de pertenencia, la confianza, la i…
How do different pathways to higher education foster social mobility for males and females: A comparison of different tracks to higher education in S…
2014
International audience; Over the past decades, educational policy implementations in France and Switzerland have increased the eligibility of those completing (upper or post compulsory) secondary education to access higher or tertiary education, by introducing vocationally orientated programs on the upper secondary level that offer access to higher education. Such policies should help to reduce some of the well-known inequalities in the educational system by improving educational achievement of disadvantaged groups such as students with an immigrant background or those coming from low socioeconomic and cultural households. In this paper we wish to clarify not only if, but also how - through…
Does family of origin make a difference in occupational outcomes?
2022
Disadvantages faced by parents adversely affect their children’s chances of success in the labour market. We study the influence of intergenerational transmission of parental socio-economic background on the educational attainment and occupational outcome of children, also considering gender differences. To tackle such a complex system of relationships across the outcome variables (both exogenous and endogenous), we adopt a path analysis model. In particular, we study the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage using the innovative and rich AD SILC database, which shows the evolution of occupational outcomes over eight years (measured by wages in 2011 and 2018). Our findings indicate…
The Social Policy Index: It's Applicability in Latin American Countries
2014
Social Policy is a tool employed by states to intervene in society with an aim of reducing the effects of poverty and inequality by meeting people's basic needs. The question is how do we measure social policy? In 2006, the United Nations Organization proposed a Social Policy Index (SPI), a methodological tool to measure social policy, with the aim of understanding the current regimes of economic and social structures in each country. The SPI suggests quantifying the elements of social policy, without focusing on their results, preferring to identify how the policy and the efforts of each government are materialized in some social indexes like social spending, social security, taxes, and in…