Search results for "Social context"
showing 7 items of 17 documents
Contributions of Nonverbal Cues to the Accurate Judgment of Personality Traits
2019
In this chapter, we summarize research on nonverbal expressions of behavior (nonverbal cues) and how they contribute to the accuracy of personality judgments. First, we present a conceptual overview of relevant nonverbal cues in the domains of facial expressions, body language, paralanguage, and appearance as well as approaches to assess these cues on different levels of aggregation. We then summarize research on the validity of nonverbal cues (what kind of nonverbal cues are good indicators of personality?) as well as the utilization of nonverbal cues (what kind of nonverbal cues lead to personality impressions?), resulting in a catalogue of those cues that drive judgment accuracy for diff…
P-Value, Confidence Intervals, and Statistical Inference: A New Dataset of Misinterpretation
2017
Statistical inference is essential for science since the twentieth century (Salsburg, 2001). Since it's introduction into science, the null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), in which the P-value serves as the index of “statistically significant,” is the most widely used statistical method in psychology (Sterling et al., 1995; Cumming et al., 2007), as well as other fields (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016). However, surveys consistently showed that researchers in psychology may not able to interpret P-value and related statistical procedures correctly (Oakes, 1986; Haller and Krauss, 2002; Hoekstra et al., 2014; Badenes-Ribera et al., 2016). Even worse, these misinterpretations of P-value …
A bioweapon or a hoax? The link between distinct conspiracy beliefs about the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and pandemic behavior
2020
During the coronavirus disease pandemic rising in 2020, governments and nongovernmental organizations across the globe have taken great efforts to curb the infection rate by promoting or legally prescribing behavior that can reduce the spread of the virus. At the same time, this pandemic has given rise to speculations and conspiracy theories. Conspiracy worldviews have been connected to refusal to trust science, the biomedical model of disease, and legal means of political engagement in previous research. In three studies from the United States ( N = 220; N = 288) and the UK ( N = 298), we went beyond this focus on a general conspiracy worldview and tested the idea that different forms of …
Resolving the Puzzle of Conspiracy Worldview and Political Activism: Belief in Secret Plots Decreases Normative but Increases Nonnormative Political …
2019
It is a hitherto open and debated question whether the belief in conspiracies increases or attenuates the willingness to engage in political action. In the present article, we tested the notion, whether (a) the relation between belief in conspiracies and general political engagement is curvilinear (inverted U-shaped) and (b) there may be opposing relations to normative versus nonnormative forms of political engagement. Two preregistered experiments ( N = 194, N = 402) support both propositions and show that the hypothetical adoption of a worldview that sees the world as governed by secret plots attenuates reported intentions to participate in normative, legal forms of political participati…
A Comparison of Dyadic and Social Network Assessments of Peer Influence.
2021
The present study compares two methods for assessing peer influence: the longitudinal actor–partner interdependence model (L-APIM) and the longitudinal social network analysis (L-SNA) Model. The data were drawn from 1,995 (49% girls and 51% boys) third grade students ( Mage= 9.68 years). From this sample, L-APIM ( n = 206 indistinguishable dyads and n = 187 distinguishable dyads) and L-SNA ( n = 1,024 total network members) subsamples were created. Students completed peer nominations and objective assessments of mathematical reasoning in the spring of the third and fourth grades. Patterns of statistical significance differed across analyses. Stable distinguishable and indistinguishable L-AP…
Interpretation of the Concept Gender in Legal Discourse
2018
It is commonly accepted that the language of law is often considered to be a highly traditional and, to a certain extent, a conservative means of professional communication, which tends to be stereotypically viewed impenetrable by the layman. Various peculiarities of the language of law and the fact that many legal systems differ all over the world in terms of their origins and frameworks often make legal discourse difficult to comprehend. To communicate professionally, the English language for instrumental purposes is increasingly employed at international level. Considering the above stated, the present study aims at analysing selected areas of the language of law. More specifically, usin…
Data from: Sex ratio at mating does not modulate age fitness effects in D. melanogaster
2019
Understanding the effects of male and female age on reproductive success is vital to explain the evolution of life history traits and sex-specific ageing. A general prediction is that pre/post-meiotic ageing processes will lead to a decline in the pre- and post-copulatory abilities of both males and females. However, inasmuch as sexes have different strategies to optimize their fitness, the decline of reproductive success late in life can be modulated by social context, such as sex ratio, in a sex-specific manner. In this study, we used Drosophila melanogaster to investigate whether sex ratio at mating modulates age effects on male and female reproductive success. As expected, male and fema…