Search results for "Social welfare"

Crisis económica y condiciones de empleo: diferencias de género y respuesta de las políticas sociales de empleo. Informe SESPAS 2014

2014

ResumenLa crisis económica ha tenido impacto en toda la Unión Europea, pero en España sus consecuencias han sido devastadoras en el mercado laboral, pasando a ser el país de la UE-15 con peores indicadores de empleo. La situación es peor en la población joven, de la cual en 2012 una de cada dos personas está en situación de desempleo, con una tasa algo superior en los hombres (54,4% frente a 51,8% en las mujeres). La reducción del gasto en políticas activas de empleo por punto de tasa de paro en 2012 con respecto a 2007 hará difícil la mejora de los indicadores de empleo. Además, la reducción del gasto en políticas pasivas de empleo producirá un empeoramiento de la salud de la población des…

Compensating acquitted pre-trial detainees

2015

Abstract Western legal systems are far from having provided the same solution to the problem of whether acquitted pre-trial detainees should be compensated for the harm suffered as a result of detention on remand. Various arguments have been formulated in order to justify or criticize this compensation, but the possible incentive effects of this compensation on criminal behavior has not yet been considered. This paper analyzes these effects, focusing on the case where detention was lawfully and diligently carried out by State agents, and not having been caused by negligence on the part of the detainee. The paper shows that such compensation can either deter crime or encourage it, depending …

Do microfinance institutions benefit from integrating financial and nonfinancial services?

2017

This article examines the impact of microfinance ‘plus’ (i.e. coordinated combination of financial and nonfinancial services) on the performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Using a global data set of MFIs in 77 countries, we find that the provision of nonfinancial services does not harm nor improve MFIs’ financial sustainability and efficiency. The results however suggest that the provision of social services is associated with improved loan quality and greater depth of outreach.

Monopolistic competition and different wage setting systems

2010

In this paper, we present a disequilibrium unemployment model without labor market frictions and monopolistic competition in the goods market within an infinite horizon model of growth. We consider different wage setting systems and compare wages, the unemployment rate, and income per capita in the long-run at firm, sector, and national (centralized) levels. The aim of this paper is to determine under which conditions, the inverted-U hypothesis between unemployment and the degree of centralization of wage bargaining, reported by Calmfors and Driffill [Economic Policy, 6, 14¿61, 1988], is confirmed. Our analysis shows that a high degree of market power normally produces the inverted-U shape …

Le partenariat public-OSBL dans les services sociaux. Le cas espagnol

1997

The article considers the social services supply in the Spanish area of Valencia. The objective is double. First the authors analyse what describes the partnership between public sector and NPO in this area, by using a systemic conception of the social services sector where three main functions can be identified (financing, production and distribution, and regulation). Secondly they search for theoretical arguments explaining this partnership principle. This second section is mainly based on the NPO approach.

Competing R&D Joint Ventures in Cournot oligopoly with spillovers

2014

This paper considers competition between R&D cartels, whereby prospective Cournot competitors coordinate their R&D decisions in order to maximize joint profit. It studies how R&D activity, aggregate profit, consumer surplus, and social welfare vary as the number of competing cartels varies. It also compares equilibrium with second best R&D, and discusses the policy implications of the results. The results show that the effects of R&D cartel competition depend on the welfare criterion adopted and on whether there are cooperative synergies or not.

2019

Abstract As the use of digitalization and automated decision-making becomes more common in the public sector, civil servants and clients find themselves in an environment where automation and robot technology can be expected to make dramatic changes. Social service delivery in Trelleborg, Sweden, is the setting for a case study of the goals, policies, procedures, and responses to a change in how social assistance is delivered using automated decision-making. Interviews with politicians and professionals complemented with government documents and reports provide the empirical data for the analysis. Four value positions: Professionalism, Efficiency, Service, and Engagement, are used as the an…

Economic development and agriculture: Managing protected areas and safeguarding the environment

2017

Abstract The establishment of protected areas has been one of the most important interventions to protect biodiversity from the threat of human activities and in particular from the agricultural traditional activities where they have been restricted at the expense of the economy of the territory sparking in literature a heated debate between those who argue the these hinder the socio-economic development and on the other hand are those who argue that is able to advance social welfare. On the basis of these considerations, the weight of agricultural sector of a country is highly linked to the percentage of protected areas even though the trend of the weight of agriculture in the overall econ…

Socioemotional characteristics of minors in foster care: A comparison between the estimation of parents, teachers and children

2013

Abstract During the child's first few years, it's of fundamental importance the presence of a strong emotional base as long as it creates the possibility to open themselves to physical and social world with confidence, and as it acts as a facilitator of cognitive development. For this reason, if the family cannot ensure such base, social services are forced to resort to foster care, a resource that has a lot of difficulties, leading to different implications in the development of the child and of the foster family. It is therefore important to analyze in depth the socio-emotional variables that characterize children who are in a situation of foster care in order to provide adequate assistan…

Licensing policies for a new product

2005

This paper studies licensing policies for the owner of a new product and addresses their welfare impact in the assessment of market failures. We show that the best licensing policy for the patent holder is fixed fee licensing with an exclusive territory clause. Consumers are also better off with fixed fees but do not prefer the exclusive territory clause. Social welfare is higher under exclusive territories when fixed costs are not too large. As for efficiency, the number of licences in the private market equilibrium falls short of the socially optimal solution. Our analysis discloses that (i) any policy measures aimed at enhancing the diffusion of technology, in terms of the number of lice…