Search results for "Sodium"
showing 10 items of 1605 documents
Physico-chemical investigation of the state of cyanamide confined in AOT and lecithin reversed micelles
2004
Sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) and lecithin reversed micelles containing cyanamide have been investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering, FT-IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy at various cyanamide-to-surfactant molar ratio (X) and at fixed surfactant concentration (0.1 mol kg-1). Experimental data are consistent with a model of cyanamide molecules confined in reversed micelles, quite uniformly distributed among them and mainly located among surfactant headgroups. SAXS data analysis leads also to hypothesize a unidimensional growth of the reversed micelles with increasing the X value. Moreover, the cyanamide state and the cyanamide/cyanamide interactions in reversed micelles have bee…
Sodium ions in model cheeses at molecular and macroscopic levels
2011
Chapitre suite à une communication à la '10th International Conference on the Application of Magnetic Resonance in Food Science' à Clermont-Ferrand (France), 13-15 septembre 2010.; International audience; The excessive consumption of sodium is one of the causes of nutritional related-health problems. The reduction of salt content without affecting technological and sensorial properties of foodstuffs is currently a challenge for the food industry1. There is a need to develop tools to quantify the “active” sodium ions in food products at molecular and macroscopic levels to better understand the in-mouth salt release. . . In this context, methods for the quantification of the bound fraction of…
Salmeterol Xinafoate (SX) loaded into mucoadhesive solid lipid microparticles for COPD treatment
2019
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the main health problems worldwide. It is characterised by chronic inflammation in the lungs that leads to progressive, chronic, largely irreversible airflow obstruction. The use of long-acting β agonists remain today the frontline treatment for COPD with the aim of minimizing side effects and enhancing therapeutic usefulness. To this purpose, in this paper, mucoadhesive solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) containing a long-acting β-2 agonist, Salmeterol Xinafoate (SX) were prepared, characterised (size, z-potential, aerodynamic diameter, turbidimetric evaluations, drug loading and entrapping efficiency) and tested in a model of bronchial…
Stabilization of unilamellar catanionic vesicles induced by β-cyclodextrins: A strategy for a tunable drug delivery depot.
2018
The limited stability of catanionic vesicles has discouraged their wide use for encapsulation and controlled release of active substances. Their structure can easily break down to form lamellar phases, micelles or rearrange into multilamellar vesicles, as a consequence of small changes in their composition. However, despite the limited stability, catanionic vesicles possess an attractive architecture, which is able to efficiently encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules. Therefore, improving the stability of the vesicles, as well as the control on unilamellar structures, are prerequisites for their wider application range. This study focuses on the impact of β-cyclodextrins fo…
Synchronizing the release rates of salicylate and indomethacin from degradable chitosan hydrogel and its optimization by definitive screening design.
2018
Abstract Three types of ionically crosslinked (with citric acid) chitosan discs were loaded with the highly water- soluble drug, sodium salicylate (SS) and the poorly water-soluble drug, indomethacin (Ind). In separate experiments the hydrated discs were immersed in a de-crosslinking solution comprising of different concentrations of calcium chloride, which induced a controlled erosion of the discs, a process which was optimized to synchronize the release rates of the two drugs over a predetermined period of time. The optimization was accomplished by manipulating six factors: chitosan MW, its amount in the formulation, the concentration of the crosslinker agent, the concentration of the de-…
Endohedral Mixed Aggregates: Sodium Alkoxide Cages with Organic or Inorganic Central Anions and Variable Hull.
2021
Abstract Alkali metal alkoxides are widely used in chemistry due to their Brønsted basic and nucleophilic properties. Potassium alkoxides assist alkyllithium in the metalation of hydrocarbons in Lochmann‐Schlosser‐bases. Both compounds form mixed aggregates, which enhance the thermal stability, solubility, and the basic reactivity of these mixtures. A very unusual spherical mixed alkoxy aggregate was discovered by Grützmacher et al., where a central dihydrogen phosphide anion is surrounded by a highly dynamic shell of thirteen sodium atoms and a hull of twelve tert‐butoxide groups. This structural motif can be reproduced by a reaction of trimethylsilyl compounds of methane, halogens, or pse…
Current and birth weights exert independent influences on nocturnal pressure-natriuresis relationships in normotensive children
1998
The objective was to study the impact of birth weight on the relationship between ambulatory blood pressure and urinary sodium excretion in children and adolescents. The study included 134 healthy children (61 boys), all Caucasians, who were born at term after a normotensive pregnancy. For each subject, a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and a complete urine collection were simultaneously performed according to the protocols designed. Average ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and the urinary excretion rates for sodium, potassium, and creatinine were calculated separately for 24-hour, awake, and sleep periods defined by a mini-diary. The excretion rate of sodium during sleep time wa…
Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation and Study of Diabetic Nephropathy with Atrasentan : what …
2019
Albuminuria; Atrasentan; Canagliflozin Albuminuria; Atrasentan; Canagliflozina Albuminúria; Atrasentan; Canagliflozina In April 2019, two major Phase 3 randomized clinical trials were published that assessed primary renal outcomes in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) tested an already available antidiabetic drug, canagliflozin, and the Study of Diabetic Nephropathy with Atrasentan (SONAR) tested a novel molecule, the endothelin-1 receptor blocker atrasentan, both on top of renin-angiotensin system blockade. Both trials demonstrated significant nephroprot…
Polyoxypregnanes as safe, potent, and specific ABCB1-inhibitory pro-drugs to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo
2021
Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) is significantly hindering effective cancer chemotherapy. However, currently, no ABCB1-inhibitory drugs have been approved to treat MDR cancer clinically, mainly due to the inhibitor specificity, toxicity, and drug interactions. Here, we reported that three polyoxypregnanes (POPs) as the most abundant constituents of Marsdenia tenacissima (M. tenacissima) were novel ABCB1-modulatory pro-drugs, which underwent intestinal microbiota-mediated biotransformation in vivo to generate active metabolites. The metabolites at non-toxic concentrations restored chemosensitivity in ABCB1-overexpressing cancer cells v…
Quantification of atelectatic lung volumes in two different porcine models of ARDS.
2006
BACKGROUND: Cyclic recruitment during mechanical ventilation contributes to ventilator associated lung injury. Two different pathomechanisms in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are currently discussed: alveolar collapse vs persistent flooding of small airways and alveoli. We compare two different ARDS animal models by computed tomography (CT) to describe different recruitment and derecruitment mechanisms at different airway pressures: (i) lavage-ARDS, favouring alveolar collapse by surfactant depletion; and (ii) oleic acid ARDS, favouring alveolar flooding by capillary leakage. METHODS: In 12 pigs [25 (1) kg], ARDS was randomly induced, either by saline lung lavage or oleic acid (…