Search results for "Sodium"

Thiophene series. Substituent effect on thiophenoxy debromination of various 2-nitro-3-bromo-5-X-thiophenes

1970

The kinetics of the reaction of a series of 2-nitro-3-bromo-5-X-thiophenes with sodium thiophenoxide in methanol were determined. The plot of log k against σ-values gave ρ-value + 4.51 at 20°. Good correlation was observed pointing out the validity of the Hammett relationship for reactions occurring directly on the thiophene ring at the β-position with respect to the heteroatom.

Physico-Chemical Stability of Admixtures of Vinflunine Used in Clinical Practice.

2021

Procedure of administration of vinflunine is complex and consists of an Y-site injection with fluid at different speeds. Dose is diluted with 100 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride or 5% glucose and infused with half of the 500 mL bag of the fluid over 20 min; after that, the remaining fluid is administered at 300 mL/h. In this study, chemical stability and physical compatibility of vinflunine diluted with in 500 mL of both fluids were evaluated to simplify the administration procedure (infusion of mixture on 20 min followed by 250 mL of fluid at 300 mL/h). Physical compatibility and chemical stability were evaluated at two temperatures and protected from and exposed to light. Physical compatibilit…

Structure, stability, and fragmentation of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate negatively charged aggregates in vacuo by MD simulations.

2014

Negatively charged supramolecular aggregates formed in vacuo by n bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT(-)) anions and n + n(c) sodium counterions (i.e., [AOT(n) Na(n+nc)](nc)) have been investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for n = 1 to 20 and n(c) = -1 to -5. By comparing the maximum excess charge values of negatively and positively charged AOTNa aggregates, it is found that the charge storage capability is higher for the latter systems, the difference decreasing as the aggregation number increases. Statistical analysis of physical properties like gyration radii and moment of inertia tensors of aggregates provides detailed information on their structural properties. Even for …

Termoidraulica del sodio - elementi teorici e sperimentali

1982

Production of vegetable oil-based biofuels—Thermochemical behavior of fatty acid sodium salts during pyrolysis

2009

Abstract To develop an advanced pyrolysis process for various biomass-derived feedstocks and improve product quality and yield, in-depth investigations into the reaction mechanisms are needed. This paper reports on pyrolysis experiments (Py-GC/MSD and FID) with model compounds including the sodium salts of stearic (C18), oleic (C18:1), and linoleic (C18:2) acids principally obtained from alkaline hydrolysis of vegetable oils. Of the parameters studied – temperature (450–750 °C), time (20 s and 80 s), and the degree of unsaturation (i.e., saturated and mono- and dienoic C18-hydrocarbon chains) – the latter had the most significant effect on the formation of volatile compounds detected in pyr…

Water‐Soluble Heteronuclear [NaCu II 6 ] Metallomacrocyclic Sandwich Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and In Vitro Biological Studies

2014

The water-soluble heteronuclear metallomacrocyclic sandwich clusters [NaCu6(hpnbpda)3(OH)3(OH2)3](NO3)·4H2O (1), [NaCu6(hpnbpda)3(OH)3(OH2)3](ClO4) (2), and [NaCu6(hpnbpda)3(OH)3(OH2)3](PF6) (3) [H3hpnbpda = N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid] have been synthesized in methanol at room temperature and fully characterized using several analytical techniques including single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecular architecture of complex 1 is built from the template assembly of three dinuclear [Cu2(hpnbpda)]+ fragments through their weak oxophillic interactions with a central sodium(I) cation. A close analysis of the single-crystal X-ray structure reveal…

A halocin acting on Na+/H+ exchanger of Haloarchaea as a new type of inhibitor in NHE of mammals

2006

10 páginas, 3 figuras.

Is ABA involved in tolerance responses to salinity by affecting cytoplasm ion homeostasis in rice cell lines?

2012

Abstract The ability of plant cells to maintain cytoplasm ion homeostasis under saline stress is among the main mechanisms involved in salt tolerance. To cope with excess Na + , cells extrude it from the cytoplasm, which requires expenditure of metabolic energy, provided by H + gradients generated by membrane-bound H + -pumps. ABA is well-known to be involved in physiological processes elicited or enhanced by stresses causing cell dehydration. In this work we studied the possible implication of this plant hormone in the control of salt-induced cellular mechanisms conducting to Na + extrusion from the cytoplasm. We used rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cell lines selected for their different toleranc…

Mechanisms of endothelial cell swelling from lactacidosis studied in vitro

2000

One of the early sequelae of ischemia is an increase of circulating lactic acid that occurs in response to anaerobic metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether lactic acidosis can induce endothelial swelling in vitro under closely controlled extracellular conditions. Cell volume of suspended cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells was measured by use of an advanced Coulter technique employing the “pulse area analysis” signal-processing technique (CASY1). The isosmotic reduction of pH from 7.4 to 6.8 had no effect on cell volume. Lowering of pH to 6.6, 6.4, or 6.0, however, led to significant, pH-dependent increases of cell volume. Swelling was more pronounced …

Flow cytometric kinetic assay of the activity of Na+/H+ antiporter in mammalian cells.

2004

Background The Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) of mammalian cells is an integral membrane protein that extrudes H+ ion in exchange for extracellular Na+ and plays a crucial role in the regulation of intracellular pH (pHi). Thus, when pHi is lowered, NHE extrudes protons at a rate depending of pHi that can be expressed as pH units/s. Methods To abolish the activity of other cellular pH-restoring systems, cells were incubated in bicarbonate-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium buffered with HEPES. Flow cytometry was used to determine pHi with 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester or 5-(and-6)-carboxy SNARF-1 acetoxymethyl ester acetate, and the appropriate fluo…