Search results for "Sodium"
showing 10 items of 1605 documents
A comparative study of the physicochemical properties of iron isomaltoside 1000 (Monofer®), a new intravenous iron preparation and its clinical impli…
2011
Abstract The treatment of iron deficiency anemia with polynuclear iron formulations is an established therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease but also in other disease areas like gastroenterology, cardiology, oncology, pre/post operatively and obstetrics’ and gynecology. Parenteral iron formulations represent colloidal systems in the lower nanometer size range which have traditionally been shown to consist of an iron core surrounded by a carbohydrate shell. In this publication, we for the first time describe the novel matrix structure of iron isomaltoside 1000 which differs from the traditional picture of an iron core surrounded by a carbohydrate. Despite some structural similaritie…
Influence of lipid physical state on the in vitro digestibility of emulsified lipids.
2008
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the physical state of emulsified lipids on their in vitro digestibility by pancreatic lipase. A 10 wt % tripalmitin oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.9 wt % SDS) was prepared at a temperature (>70 degrees C) above the melting point of the lipid phase (T(m) approximately 60 degrees C). A portion of this emulsion was cooled to a temperature (0 degrees C for 15 min) well below the crystallization temperature of the emulsified lipid (T(c) approximately 22 degrees C) and then warmed to 37 degrees C so as to have completely solid lipid particles. Another portion of the emulsion was directly cooled from 70 …
NMR studies of benzoannulation in lithium, sodium and potassium ortho-formylphenolates
2010
Abstract Lithium, sodium and potassium derivatives of (benzo)salicylaldehydes have been prepared and characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR in order to see how the metal cation and benzoannulation affect spectral parameters. There is no qualitative effect of the alkali metal atom in the compounds studied (from this point of view salicylaldehydes remind β-diketones). On the other hand, 1 H chemical shifts of the hydroxyl and formyl protons and 13 C chemical shifts of C2 (bearing OX, X = H, Li, Na or K) and of that the formyl carbon show the most significant variations being the best indicators of aromatic character of the six-membered quasi-ring of salicylaldehyde. In contrast, C1 (bearing formyl…
Impact of uncharged and charged stabilizers on in vitro drug performances of clarithromycin nanocrystals
2018
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of charge on the in vitro drug performances of clarithromycin nanocrystals. To prepare different charges of nanocrystals, media milling was employed with the use of different stabilizing systems. The uncharged nanocrystals were prepared from poloxamer 407. The negatively and positively charged nanocrystals were stabilized using a combination of poloxamer 407 with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), respectively. After production, the particle size of the negatively and positively charged nanocrystals was smaller than that of the uncharged one. The similar particle size of variously charged clarithromycin…
Formulation strategy towards minimizing viscosity mediated negative food effect on disintegration and dissolution of immediate release tablets.
2017
Food induced viscosity can delay disintegration and subsequent release of API from solid dosage form which may lead to severe reduction in the bioavailability of BCS type III compounds. Formulations of such tablets need to be optimized in view of this postprandial viscosity factor. In this study, three super disintegrants, croscarmellose sodium (CCS), cross-linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (CPD), and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were assessed for their efficiency under simulated fed state. Tablets containing these disintegrants were compressed at 10 and 30 KN, while taking lactose as a soluble filler. In addition to other compendial tests, disintegration force of these formulations was meas…
Microphase separation upon crystallization of small amphiphilic molecules: ‘low’ temperature form II of sodium benzoate (E 211)
2016
A so far unknown low temperature polymorph (form II crystallized at 350 °C) of the common food preservative sodium benzoate (NaBz; E 211) could be crystallized by annealing (7 days) of the poorly crystalline technical material. Its crystal structure was solved by indexing a tiny single crystal by electron diffraction followed by structure solution and refinement applying powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The new polymorph shows many structural similarities to form I (crystallized at 420 °C). Both form I and II are the result of a microphase separation: the structures consist of pseudo-hexagonal packings of rod-shaped micelles where the core consists of sodium cations being coordinated by the…
Sodium nitrate and tungsten as matrix modifiers for the determination of arsenic in shotgun pellets by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
2001
A method for the determination of arsenic in a complicated sample matrix by Zeeman effect electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using tungsten and sodium nitrate as matrix modifiers was developed. The determination of arsenic in SRM C2416 (Bullet Lead) and SRM 2710 (Montana Soil) by ETAAS using a mixture of palladium and magnesium nitrate as a matrix modifier failed to obtain the certified concentrations at the 95% level of confidence using the t-test. Both tungsten and sodium nitrate as matrix modifiers stabilized arsenic so that the certified concentrations of the SRMs were determined with high accuracy and precision (RSD 0.999), with low detection and quantification limits, wer…
Role of calcium in the adhesion and fusion of bilayers.
1993
The interaction forces and fusion mechanisms of mixed zwitterionic-anionic phospholipid bilayers were measured with the surface forces apparatus. The bilayers were 3:1 mixtures of either dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPC/DMPG) or dilauroylphosphatidylcholine and dilauroylphosphatidylglycerol (DLPC/DLPG), and experiments were carried out in NaCl solutions with and without CaCl2. In NaCl solutions, the forces between either mixed bilayer system were consistent with the DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) theory of repulsive electrostatic and attractive van der Waals forces, and fusion did not occur. At high pH (> 6) and in high (20 mM) NaCl concentra…
Unique direct synthesis of cyanide-bridged Fe2Cu2 molecular squares by destruction of sodium nitroprusside
2009
Abstract The one-pot reaction of copper powder, sodium nitroprusside, ammonium thiocyanate and 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) in acetonitrile solution at ambient conditions of air and water yields the novel heterometallic [Fe2Cu2(bpy)6(μ-CN)4(NCS)2]2[Fe(CN)5(NO)](NCS)2·5H2O complex 1, which has been structurally and magnetically characterized. The most prominent feature of this complex is the unique tetranuclear Fe 2 II Cu 2 II squares comprised [Cu(bpy)NCS]+ and [Fe(bpy)2]2+ corners with CN edges. The Cu⋯Cu and Fe⋯Fe separations are ∼6.72 and ∼7.73 A, respectively. The variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility study revealed that a very weak antiferromagnetic coupling is active between Cu(II) ce…