Search results for "Software"
showing 10 items of 7396 documents
Words, clauses, sentences, and T-units in learner language: Precise and objective units of measure?
2020
In research on learner language complexity, accuracy and fluency (CAF), syntactic complexity is often studied with quantitative measures based on words, clauses, sentences, and T-units. The findings have been mixed, but segmenting learner language into these units of measure has seldom been problematised, even if the need for accurate coding is well known. The present study explores words, clauses, sentences, and T-units as production units in written learner language using a corpus of 352 L2 Finnish texts (28,813 words). The results illustrate how written learner language can be hard to fit into the production unit categories, which are essential for the most frequently used quantitative m…
Prosody and fluency of Finland Swedish as a second language: Investigating global parameters for automated speaking assessment
2023
This study investigates prosody and fluency of Finland Swedish as a second language (L2). The main objective is to investigate global measures of prosody and fluency as predictors of overall oral proficiency, fluency, and pronunciation ratings. We analyzed parameters related to temporal fluency, timing (based on syllable durations), and f0 change from spontaneous speech produced by 30 native and 235 non-native speakers of Finland Swedish representing proficiency levels from beginner to intermediate. We used pairwise comparisons to investigate the differences between native speech (L1) and L2 samples from different proficiency levels. To study the predictability of ratings with acoustic para…
New is not always costly: evidence from online processing of topic and contrast in Japanese.
2013
Two visual ERP experiments were conducted to investigate topic and contrast assigned by various cues such as discourse context, sentential position and marker during referential processing in Japanese. Experiment 1 showed that there was no N400-difference for new vs. given noun phrases (NPs) when the new NP was expected (contrastively focused) based on its preceding context and sentential position. Experiment 2 further revealed that the N400 for new NPs can be modulated by the NP’s contrastive meaning (exhausitivity) induced from the marker. Both experiments also showed that new NPs engendered an increased Late Positivity. The reduced N400 for new vs. given supports an expectation-based lin…
Some Remarks about Product Spaces
2018
Summary This article covers some technical aspects about the product topology which are usually not given much of a thought in mathematics and standard literature like [7] and [6], not even by Bourbaki in [4]. Let {Ti}i∈I be a family of topological spaces. The prebasis of the product space T = ∏ i∈I Ti is defined in [5] as the set of all π −1 i (V) with i ∈ I and V open in Ti . Here it is shown that the basis generated by this prebasis consists exactly of the sets ∏ i∈I Vi with Vi open in Ti and for all but finitely many i ∈ I holds Vi = Ti . Given I = {a} we have T ≅ Ta , given I = {a, b} with a≠ b we have T ≅ Ta ×Tb . Given another family of topological spaces {Si}i∈I such that Si ≅ Ti fo…
Anonymization as homeomorphic data space transformation for privacy-preserving deep learning
2021
Industry 4.0 is largely data-driven nowadays. Owners of the data, on the one hand, want to get added value from the data by using remote artificial intelligence tools as services, on the other hand, they concern on privacy of their data within external premises. Ideal solution for this challenge would be such anonymization of the data, which makes the data safe in remote servers and, at the same time, leaves the opportunity for the machine learning algorithms to capture useful patterns from the data. In this paper, we take the problem of supervised machine learning with deep feedforward neural nets and provide an anonymization algorithm (based on the homeomorphic data space transformation),…
Skeleton-Based Multiview Reconstruction
2016
International audience; The advantage of skeleton-based 3D reconstruction is to completely generate a single 3D object from well chosen views. Having numerous views is necessary for a reliable reconstruction but projections of skeletons lead to different topologies. We reconstruct 3D objects with curved medial axis (whose topology is a tree) from the perspective skeletons on an arbitrary number of calibrated acquisitions. The main contribution is to estimate the 3D skeleton, from multiple images: its topology is chosen as the closest to those of the perspective skeletons on the set of images, which means that the number of topology changes to map the 3D skeleton topology to topologies on im…
Comparing the Effect of Product-Based Metrics on the Translation Process
2021
Characteristics of the translation product are often used in translation process research as predictors for cognitive load, and by extension translation difficulty. In the last decade, user-activity information such as eye-tracking data has been increasingly employed as an experimental tool for that purpose. In this paper, we take a similar approach. We look for significant effects that different predictors may have on three different eye-tracking measures: First Fixation Duration (duration of first fixation on a token), Eye-Key Span (duration between first fixation on a token and the first keystroke contributing to its translation), and Total Reading Time on source tokens (sum of fixations…
Dydaktyka przekładu audiowizualnego na filologii romańskiej od podstaw: metody, treści, propozycje rozwiązań
2013
Teaching audio‑visual translation at the “French Philology level 0” course: methods, contents, clues
 In the face of a sensible diminution of the number of high‑school graduates able to communicate in French well enough to follow the “classical” French Philology course, many Polish universities offer their students the possibility of studying “French Philology level 0”. One of the key skills developed by this course is translation, including basic audio‑visual translation competences. The paper shows some examples of translator training clues that have been worked out at the Opole University.
Type-2 intuitionistic fuzzy TODIM for intelligent decision-making under uncertainty and hesitancy
2022
AbstractThe classical TODIM considers the crisp numbers to handle the information. However, in a real-world applicative context, this information is bounded by noise and vagueness and hence uncertain. There are wide range of works in the literature which utilizes fuzzy sets to handle the uncertainty in the various dimensions. However, there is a constraint of hesitancy in such decision-making problems due to the involvement of various decision-makers. Also, in the TODIM method, decision-maker’s bounded rationality and psychological behavior are also taken into consideration which adds up the hesitation and considers the problem with higher dimension of uncertainty. There are various applica…
Ordered fuzzy rules generation based on incremental dataset
2021
This paper proposes a novel approach for building transparent knowledge-based systems by generating interpretable fuzzy rules that allow for present dependences between quantitative variables by accounting for uncertainty and the dynamics of their values. In the approach, IF-THEN rules are used to show the conditional relationship between the ordered fuzzy numbers, which contain additional information about the tendencies of variables' value changes. This paper elaborates an approach of mining ordered fuzzy rules from numerical data included in an incremental database. This approach develops the ability to record uncertainty and its change in the context of rapidly changing data. In additio…