Search results for "Soil CO"
showing 10 items of 269 documents
Soil microbial biomass and bacterial diversity in southern European regions vulnerable to desertification
2022
Abstract Soil functionality is strongly dependent on the soil microbiota, which in turn is affected by soil quality and climate. Among global change factors, desertification is the most threatening ecosystem change affecting southern Europe, but the effects on the soil microbiota are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated soil microbial biomass and bacterial diversity in regions of southern European countries (Spain, Portugal and Italy), most under desertification risk, and related to key soil chemical-physical indicators and land use. Soil microbial biomass was positively related, to soil organic carbon (SOC) but bacterial diversity was negatively correlated with it. pH was the mo…
Decomposer animals and bioremediation of soils
1998
Abstract Although microorganisms are degrading the contaminants in bioremediation processes, soil animals can also have important — while usually an indirect — role in these processes. Soil animals are useful indicators of soil contamination, both before and after the bioremediation. Many toxicity and bioavailability assessment methods utilizing soil animals have been developed for hazard and risk-assessment procedures. Not only the survival of the animals, but also more sensitive parameters like growth, reproduction and community structure have often been taken into account in the assessment. The use of bioassays together with chemical analyses gives the most reliable results for risk anal…
Toxicity of copper and zinc assessed with three different earthworm tests
2005
Abstract At present, standardised earthworm acute toxicity and reproduction tests are used to assess the toxicity of heavy metal contaminated soils. These tests are, however, time-consuming, laborious and costly, and in addition, some sublethal responses may remain overlooked. Avoidance of metal contaminated soils by earthworms may be a useful parameter when assessing ecological risks with a low test effort. The objective of the present study was to find out whether the earthworm Aporrectodea tuberculata avoids soils simultaneously contaminated with Cu and Zn, and whether earlier exposure to metal-polluted soil affects its avoidance response. The aim was also to compare the sensitivity of t…
Rare earths and trace elements contents in leaves: A new indicator of the composition of atmospheric dust
2017
The relationship between the trace element distribution in atmospheric particles and leaves of some exposed plants in the environment was recently demonstrated. This indication would suggest that the trace element analysis of leaves in these plants could provide information about the composition, nature and origin of the atmospheric dust dispersed in the environment. In order to corroborate this hypothesis, the distribution of trace elements and Rare Earths were studied in leaves of some endemic plants, in the atmospheric fallout and in soils of rural, urban and industrial ecosystems in Sicily. These elements have been chosen to discriminate the source and nature of different source on atmo…
Effects of soil management techniques on soil water erosion in apricot orchards.
2016
Soil erosion is extreme in Mediterranean orchards due to management impact, high rainfall intensities, steep slopes and erodible parent material. Vall d'Albaida is a traditional fruit production area which, due to the Mediterranean climate and marly soils, produces sweet fruits. However, these highly productive soils are left bare under the prevailing land management and marly soils are vulnerable to soil water erosion when left bare. In this paper we study the impact of different agricultural land management strategies on soil properties (bulk density, soil organic matter, soil moisture), soil water erosion and runoff, by means of simulated rainfall experiments and soil analyses. Three rep…
Impact of historical mining assessed in soils by kinetic extraction and lead isotopic ratios.
2014
12 pages; International audience; The aim of this study is to estimate the long-term behaviour of trace metals, in two soils differently impacted by past mining. Topsoils from two 1 km(2) zones in the forested Morvan massif (France) were sampled to assess the spatial distribution of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. The first zone had been contaminated by historical mining. As expected, it exhibits higher trace-metal levels and greater spatial heterogeneity than the second non-contaminated zone, supposed to represent the local background. One soil profile from each zone was investigated in detail to estimate metal behaviour, and hence, bioavailability. Kinetic extractions were performed using EDTA on thre…
Organic chlorine compounds in lake sediments. IV. Dioxins, furans and related chloroaromatic compounds
1990
Abstract Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychloronaphthalenes (PCNs) and coplanar PCBs were measured in surface sediments from 18 lake areas in Central Finland. Toxic 2, 3, 7, 8-substituted PCDD and PCDF congeners occurred at low levels (
Determination of mono-, di- and trinitronaphthalenes in soil samples contaminated by explosives.
2004
We investigated the extraction of eight mono-, di- and trinitronaphthalenes from soil samples by ultrasonic, respectively, soxhlet extraction. Sonication was the more convenient procedure with a usually higher repeatability than the soxhlet method. All extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. These methods were used to determine the concentration of nitronaphthalenes in five soil samples polluted by explosives. The most abundant contaminants were 1,5- and 1,8-dinitronaphthalene as well as 1,3,5-, 1,3,8- and 1,4,5-trinitronaphthalene. In all samples the sum of trinitronaphthalenes exceeded the sum of mono- and dinitronaphthalenes. It is rec…
Runoff initiation, soil detachment and connectivity are enhanced as a consequence of vineyards plantations.
2017
[EN] Rainfall-induced soil erosion is a major threat, especially in agricultural soils. In the Mediterranean belt, vineyards are affected by high soil loss rates, leading to land degradation. Plantation of new vines is carried out after deep ploughing, use of heavy machinery, wheel traffic, and trampling. Those works result in soil physical properties changes and contribute to enhanced runoff rates and increased soil erosion rates. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of the plantation of vineyards on soil hydrological and erosional response under low frequency - high magnitude rainfall events, the ones that under the Mediterranean climatic conditions trigger extreme soil ero…
Insight into metal immobilization and microbial community structure in soil from a steel disposal dump phytostabilized with composted, pyrolyzed or g…
2021
Abstract The soil system is a key component of the environment that can serve as a sink of pollutants. Using processed waste for aided phytostabilization of metals (HMs) in contaminated soils is an attractive phytoremediation technique that integrates waste utilization and recycling. In this study, we evaluated the effect of biologically and thermally processed wastes, i.e. sewage sludge compost (CSS), poultry feather ash (AGF) and willow chip biochar (BWC), on phytostabilization of contaminated soil from a steel disposal dump. Greenhouse experiments with Lupinus luteus L. and amendments (dosage: 3.0%, w/w) were conducted for 58 days. Soil toxicity was evaluated with Ostracodtoxkit and Phyt…