Search results for "Solutions"

showing 10 items of 757 documents

A Meshfree Solver for the MEG Forward Problem

2015

Noninvasive estimation of brain activity via magnetoencephalography (MEG) involves an inverse problem whose solution requires an accurate and fast forward solver. To this end, we propose the Method of Fundamental Solutions (MFS) as a meshfree alternative to the Boundary Element Method (BEM). The solution of the MEG forward problem is obtained, via the Method of Particular Solutions (MPS), by numerically solving a boundary value problem for the electric scalar potential, derived from the quasi-stationary approximation of Maxwell’s equations. The magnetic field is then computed by the Biot-Savart law. Numerical experiments have been carried out in a realistic single-shell head geometry. The p…

Computer scienceBiomagnetics magnetoencephalography (MEG) method of fundamental solutions (MFS) meshfree methodsScalar potentialInverse problemSolverBoundary knot methodElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsSettore ING-IND/31 - ElettrotecnicaSettore MAT/08 - Analisi NumericaClassical mechanicsApplied mathematicsMethod of fundamental solutionsBoundary value problemElectrical and Electronic EngineeringBoundary element method
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Evidence of nickel ions dimerization in NiWO$_4$ and NiWO$_4$-ZnWO$_4$ solid solutions probed by EXAFS spectroscopy and reverse Monte Carlo simulatio…

2021

G.B. acknowledges the financial support provided by the State Education Development Agency for project No.1.1.1.2/VIAA/3/19/444 (agreement No. 1.1.1.2/16/I/001) realized at the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia. A.K. and A.K. would like to thank the support of the Latvian Council of Science project No. lzp-2019/1-0071. Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2.

Condensed Matter - Materials ScienceEXAFSNiWO4solid solutions:NATURAL SCIENCES:Physics [Research Subject Categories]Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)FOS: Physical sciencesZnWO4antiferromagnetsreverse Monte Carlo
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Peculiarities of the local structure in new medium- and high-entropy, low-symmetry tungstates

2022

G. Bakradze acknowledges financial support provided by the Latvian Council of Science for project no. 1.1.1.2/VIAA/3/19/444 (agreement no. 1.1.1.2/16/I/001) realized at the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia. The Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, as a centre of excellence, has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement no. 739508, project CAMART2.

Condensed Matter - Materials ScienceHigh-entropy oxidesMaterials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)FOS: Physical sciences:NATURAL SCIENCES::Physics [Research Subject Categories]TungstatesGeneral ChemistryCondensed Matter Physics540ddc:540Reverse Monte Carlo methodGeneral Materials ScienceSolid solutionsExtended X-ray absorption fine structure
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Quantum critical point in a periodic Anderson model

2000

We investigate the symmetric Periodic Anderson Model (PAM) on a three-dimensional cubic lattice with nearest-neighbor hopping and hybridization matrix elements. Using Gutzwiller's variational method and the Hubbard-III approximation (which corresponds to the exact solution of an appropriate Falicov-Kimball model in infinite dimensions) we demonstrate the existence of a quantum critical point at zero temperature. Below a critical value $V_c$ of the hybridization (or above a critical interaction $U_c$) the system is an {\em insulator} in Gutzwiller's and a {\em semi-metal} in Hubbard's approach, whereas above $V_c$ (below $U_c$) it behaves like a metal in both approximations. These prediction…

Condensed Matter::Quantum GasesPhysicsStrongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)Quantum Monte CarloFOS: Physical sciencesCritical value01 natural sciences010305 fluids & plasmasCondensed Matter - Strongly Correlated ElectronsExact solutions in general relativityVariational methodQuantum critical pointQuantum mechanics0103 physical sciencesDensity of statesCondensed Matter::Strongly Correlated ElectronsStrongly correlated material010306 general physicsAnderson impurity modelPhysical Review B
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Enthalpy of Solution of Nonionic Solutes in Organized Systems

1989

The standard enthalpies of solution of alcohols in micellar solutions of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide were obtained by direct measurements and by enthalpies of mixing. The observed trends were analyzed with a previously reported model. From the resulting equations, the distribution constant, standard enthalpy of transfer from aqueous to the micellar phase and the standard enthalpy of solution in micellar phase can be calculated at the same time using a linear least-squares analysis. The model seems to hold well also in the case of short chain surfactants and microheterogeneities in spite of the fact that the micellization equilibrium is treated as a pseudo-phase transition.

Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed MatterAqueous solutionChemistryPhase (matter)Distribution constantMicellar solutionsThermodynamicsPartial molar propertyPhysics::Chemical PhysicsMixing (physics)Standard enthalpy of formationEnthalpy change of solution
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Theoretical investigation of the self-trapped hole in alkali halides. I. Long-range effects within the model hamiltonian approach

1994

A small-radius polaron model of the self-trapped hole (Vk-center) in alkali halide crystals is presented. Along with the usual contributions, the electronic polarization is also included in accordance with the electronic polaron theory of Toyozawa. It is shown that the exact solution of the problem within the Landau-Pekar approximation leads to multi-hole quantum states accompanied by the relevant electronic and lattice polarizations. As an example the KCl crystal is considered, for which the Vk-center structure as well as the self-trapping energy are computed. While solving our equations, the local symmetry of the defect is taken into account allowing us to consider a comparatively spread …

Condensed matter physicsChemistryElectronic structureCondensed Matter PhysicsPolaronElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialssymbols.namesakeExact solutions in general relativityLocal symmetryQuantum stateLattice (order)symbolsWave functionHamiltonian (quantum mechanics)physica status solidi (b)
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Thickness scaling of space-charge-limited currents in organic layers with field- or density-dependent mobility

2006

An exact solution is provided for the current density-voltage (J –V) characteristics of space-charge limited transport of a single carrier in organic layers with field-dependent mobility of the type μ (E) = μ0 exp (γ √E. The general scaling relationship for field-dependent mobility occurs in terms of the variables JL and V /L. For the density-dependence of the mobility found in organic field-effect transistor measurements, the thickness scaling occurs in terms of different variables, J1/βL and V /L. The proposed scaling is a useful test for distinguishing field- and carrier density-dependent mobility in disordered organic semiconductors. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Condensed matter physicsField (physics)ChemistryTransistorSurfaces and InterfacesCondensed Matter PhysicsSpace chargeSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialslaw.inventionOrganic semiconductorExact solutions in general relativitylawDensity dependentMaterials ChemistryElectrical and Electronic EngineeringScalingphysica status solidi (a)
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Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters induce lipase activation in the absence of a water-lipid interface.

2003

In most lipases a mobile element or lid domain covers the catalytic site of the enzyme and the lid opening event, which usually proceed at a lipid-water interface, is required to form the catalytically competent lipase. We report here a noticeable increase in activity of two fungal lipases assayed in aqueous solution in absence of any interface when adding submicellar concentrations of amphipathic physiological molecules like long-chain acyl-CoAs. The catalytic activity was dramatically dependent on the acyl chain length of the amphiphile and could be related with a lid-opening process. Our data support that lipase activation can be triggered in the absence of a well-defined interface, and …

Conformational changeCatalysisSubstrate SpecificityAcyl-CoAchemistry.chemical_compoundAmphiphileLipaseMolecular Biologychemistry.chemical_classificationAqueous solutionbiologyChemistryWaterEstersCell BiologyLipaseLipid MetabolismGeotrichumLipidsEnzyme ActivationSolutionsEnzymeBiochemistrybiology.proteinAcyl Coenzyme ALong chainRhizopusBiochimica et biophysica acta
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The superior effect of nature based solutions in land management for enhancing ecosystem services

2017

The rehabilitation and restoration of land is a key strategy to recover services -goods and resources- ecosystems offer to the humankind. This paper reviews key examples to understand the superior effect of nature based solutions to enhance the sustainabilit y of catchment systems by promoting desirable soil and landscape functions. The use of concepts such as connectivity and the theory of system thinking framework allowed to review coastal and river management as a guide to evaluate other strategies to achieve sustainability. In land management NBSs are not mainstream management. Through a set of case studies: organic farming in Spain; rewilding in Slovenia; land restoration in Iceland, s…

Conservation of Natural ResourcesEnvironmental Engineering010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesEcosystem serviceNature based solutionSloveniaIcelandLand managementSDGSystem dynamic010501 environmental sciencesSystem dynamics01 natural sciencesEcosystem servicesSoil functionsEnvironmental ChemistryEcosystem servicesWaste Management and DisposalEcosystemSDGs0105 earth and related environmental sciencesSwedenSustainable developmentbusiness.industryEnvironmental resource managementBodemfysica en LandbeheerPE&RCPollutionSettore AGR/02 - Agronomia E Coltivazioni ErbaceeSoil Physics and Land ManagementNature based solutionsSpainLand restorationWetlandsSustainabilityLand degradationEnvironmental scienceEthiopiaHydrologybusinessSurface runoffEnvironmental MonitoringScience of the Total Environment
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pH of multipurpose contact lens solutions over time

1998

The pH of nine different brands of multipurpose contact lens solutions available in Spain was determined over a period of 32 days after opening the bottles. Five bottles of nine solutions were used, each of which was buffered and obtained from different manufacturers. The pH measurements were taken using a micropH 2002 Crison pH-meter (accuracy +/- 0.001 pH units). Each solution was measured three times daily over the test period using 10-ml samples taken from the same container. Fluctuations in pH over time were observed but these were within the range of ocular comfort. The average pH of all the solutions tested proved to be between 6.99 and 7.56.

Contact lensOphthalmologyContact lens solutionsChromatographyMaterials scienceGeneral MedicinePh measurementOptometryBiomedical engineeringContact Lens and Anterior Eye
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