Search results for "Spatial"
showing 10 items of 2121 documents
The influence of geography on the spatial agglomeration of production in the European Union
2012
Abstract We investigate the relative impact of geographic features on the location of production in the European Union. Specifically, we attempt to quantify how much of the spatial pattern of GDP can be attributed to exogenous first-nature elements alone and how much can be derived from endogenous second-nature factors. In order to disentangle both effects empirically, we control for second-nature factors. A method based on the decomposition of the per capita GDP variance is applied to a panel of 1,171 European NUTS 3 regions for 2006. We demonstrate that variable and model misspecifications may bias results unless proper allowance is made for spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogenei…
The Impact of Driving Forces and Protection Policies on Future Coastal Landscapes: A Case Study of Latvia
2011
Landscapes and related land cover changes are essential elements of sustainable coastal zone management in Europe and in Latvia. The issue of landscape protection, management and planning was promoted as a result of the adoption of the European Landscape Convention (2000), while the Recommendations concerning the Implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management were adopted by the European Community (2002) to address land use issues. The Recommendations also emphasise the need to recognise the threat to coastal zones posed by Climate Change. This paper aims to contribute to the enhancement of landscape and coastal zone management policies by addressing the changes in coastal landscapes.…
Institutions and Geography: Empirical tests of Spatial Growth Models for the regions of Europe
2010
This article provides an empirical assessment of the growth experiences of European regions, during the period 1991–2004, by taking into account the spatial effects due to both institutions and geography. These effects have been modelled by means of specific controls and by using a non-conventional spatial weight matrix. Results favour a model dealing with substantive spatial externalities. Within this framework, the country-specific institutions are strongly and positively related to the regional productivity's growth rate. In addition, the geo-institutional proximity increases the spatial dependence of the regional output per worker and raises the speed of convergence. By contrast, the pu…
Source Detection in an Outbreak of Legionnaire’s Disease
2006
Spatial statistics have broadly been applied, developed and demanded from the field of epidemiology. The point process theory is an appropriate framework to analyse the spatial variation of risk of disease from information at individual level.
Spatial Patterns of Regional Income Inequality Then and Now
2018
In this chapter an important element characteristic of territorial inequality is examined: the presence of geographical patterns, that is, the grouping of neighbouring regions into clusters of wealth or poverty. The descriptive evidence provided by the maps is supplemented with spatial autocorrelation statistics to test for the presence of spatial clustering. The analysis aims to identify when exactly the geographical patterns that characterize regional inequality in Spain today took shape. Then some hypotheses as to the causes are established. Finally, the chapter analyses whether the clusters of poor or rich regions continue uninterrupted beyond national borders to include regions of Port…
From the Harbour to the City. The Process of Urban Renewal in Trapani
2016
The chapter describes the study case of Trapani historical watwerfront, in particular the design solution adopted for nautical sport events and linked to regional landscape quality. The Trapani fluidity is connetted with an entrenched sea cultural and natural heritage. Actions, plans and programmes implemented for regeneration and development are based on cultural and natural heritage to be regulated, connected and transformed, in order to preserve the urban and regional identity.
Decomposing regional business change at plant level in Italy: A novel spatial shift-share approach
2013
type="main" xml:lang="es"> En este articulo se analiza la descomposicion espacial de cambios (shift-share) aplicada a datos italianos sobre cambios en los negocios regionales a nivel de planta, durante el periodo 2004–2009. Aqui se introduce un nuevo tipo de descomposicion espacial, que gestiona mas eficazmente la influencia del vecindario. De la investigacion empirica aparecen resultados notables. En primer lugar, se observo que el nivel de agregacion espacial afecta grandemente los resultados. En segundo lugar, se encontraron pruebas de una ventaja de vecindario en las regiones meridionales NUTS 3, a la vez que resultados opuestos para las regiones centro-norte NUTS 3. Finalmente, solo se…
Assessment of inputs to land surface processes models derived from hyperspectral multiangular data
2002
Global Models of the Earth - Atmosphere System describe the role of the terrestrial biosphere using increasingly complex Land Surface Models (LSM). These models mimic the exchange of energy, water and carbon between the land and the atmosphere, with emphasis on the role of terrestrial vegetation. Literature shows a clear trend towards fully interactive LSM-s, i.e. accounting for the dynamic response of vegetation to weather and climate. The latter may not be limited to biomass accumulation and address slower changes in vegetation type and composition. Improving the performance of such models require addressing two broad questions: Can we measure vegetation properties with the accuracy requi…
The utilization of landscape pictures extracted from open picture collections for the determination of interest in spatial features
2018
This paper describes a method that uses georeferenced landscape pictures extracted from open picture collections for the determination of the population's interest in spatial features. The automated method takes into account the coordinates of the camera position as well as the azimuth angle, the focal length and the crop factor in order to calculate a field of view using a digital terrain model (DTM). This field of view can thereafter be used for the determination of interest in spatial features. In a case study involving more than 3'000 georeferenced pictures we investigate the potential of the method.
Économétrie spatiale : l'autocorrélation spatiale dans les modèles de régression linéaire
2002
Spatial Econometrics : Automatic Spatial Correlation in Linear Regression Models. The aim of this article is to describe the tools necessary to factor in automatic spatial correlation determined by the absence of independence between geographical observations, within the framework of linear regression models. While it is often accepted that spatial data in cross-sections are independent, this assumption is rarely justified. On the contrary, it needs to be tested systematically. After explaining the ways in which to model automatic spatial correlation, we therefore describe estimation and inference procedures geared to econometric models that factor in this effect explicitly. Lastly, we prop…