Search results for "Specie"

Inferring Phytoplankton, Terrestrial Plant and Bacteria Bulk δ¹³C Values from Compound Specific Analyses of Lipids and Fatty Acids.

2015

Stable isotope mixing models in aquatic ecology require δ13C values for food web end members such as phytoplankton and bacteria, however it is rarely possible to measure these directly. Hence there is a critical need for improved methods for estimating the δ13C ratios of phytoplankton, bacteria and terrestrial detritus from within mixed seston. We determined the δ13C values of lipids, phospholipids and biomarker fatty acids and used these to calculate isotopic differences compared to the whole-cell δ13C values for eight phytoplankton classes, five bacterial taxa, and three types of terrestrial organic matter (two trees and one grass). The lipid content was higher amongst the phytoplankton (…

Regional metacommunities in two coastal systems: spatial structure and drivers of plant assemblages

2014

Aim Biogeographical patterns in metacommunities are still poorly understood, and different processes are expected to occur in different habitats. We analysed the regional plant metacommunities of coastal habitats to test whether (1) the influence of space and climate differs between two habitats differentiated along the seashore–inland gradient, and (2) regional variation in species composition of these habitats can be ascribed to different metacommunity paradigms. Location The entire coast of the Iberian Peninsula, south-western Europe. Methods We collected data on the plant species composition of coastal sites on sand dunes across 3000 km of coastline. The sites were classified into two h…

Multispecies coinfections and presence of antibiotics shape resistance and fitness costs in a pathogenic bacterium

2023

Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a challenge for treatment of bacterial diseases. In real life, bacterial infections are typically embedded within complex multispecies communities and influenced by the environment, which can shape costs and benefits of AMR. However, knowledge of such interactions and their implications for AMR in vivo is limited. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated fitness-related traits of a pathogenic bacterium (Flavobacterium columnare) in its fish host, capturing the effects of bacterial antibiotic resistance, coinfections between bacterial strains and metazoan parasites (fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum) and antibiotic exposure. We quantifie…

Modelling the removal and reversible immobilization of murine noroviruses in a Phaeozem under various contamination and rinsing conditions

2018

International audience; Enteric viruses entering the soil with contaminated irrigation water can reach groundwater or be internalized in plants through their roots without being inactivated. Their fate in the soil depends on the virus, the soil and the soil solution. In order to write a mathematical model suitable for a Calcaric Phaeozem, we investigated the removal of murine norovirus and reversible immobilization in aggregate columns according to a saturation procedure, conditions between contamination and rinsing time, temperature and soil solution. Viruses were quantified before and after 0.45‐μm filtration with an RT‐qPCR (real‐time polymerase chain reaction). Experimental results supp…

The effect of carvacrol on enteric viruses.

2014

Carvacrol, a monoterpenic phenol, is said to have extensive antimicrobial activity in a wide range of food spoilage or pathogenic fungi, yeast and bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess its antiviral activity on norovirus surrogates, feline calicivirus (FCV), murine norovirus (MNV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV), as well as its potential in food applications. Initially, different concentrations of carvacrol (0.25, 0.5, 1%) were individually mixed with each virus at titers of ca. 6-7 log TCID50/ml and incubated 2h at 37°C. Carvacrol at 0.5% completely inactivated the two norovirus surrogates, whereas 1% concentration was required to achieve ca. 1 log reduction of HAV. In lettuce wash wa…

Visual Contrast Modulates Operant Learning Responses in Larval Zebrafish.

2018

The larval zebrafish is a promising vertebrate model organism to study neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory due to its small brain and rich behavioral repertoire. Here, we report on a high-throughput operant conditioning system for zebrafish larvae, which can simultaneously train 12 fish to associate a visual conditioned pattern with electroshocks. We find that the learning responses can be enhanced by the visual contrast, not the spatial features of the conditioned patterns, highlighted by several behavioral metrics. By further characterizing the learning curves as well as memory extinction, we demonstrate that the percentage of learners and the memory length increase as the co…

Developing response-ability in human-wasp encounters

2023

Learning to live with unloved others is crucial in the ecological crisis. Unloved wasps are feared and disliked for their sting. Understanding of their ecological importance is increasing, however. Human-wasp encounters are changing with environmental changes, and strategies for multispecies cohabitation are needed. This multispecies study highlights features of wasp biology affecting human-wasp encounters and analyzes how conflicted human-wasp relations could be mitigated. The geographical focus is Finland, in the Northern boreal region. Biological analysis specified spatiotemporal aspects affecting human-wasp encounters: human and wasp habitats and preferences overlap ubiquitously. From a…

The relationships between urbanization and bird functional traits across the streetscape

2023

Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors The urbanization process leads to changes in bird communities’ taxonomic and functional compositions. Highly urbanized areas generally exhibit a reduced number of bird species sharing few functional traits. However, most urban bird studies focused on vegetation patches in temperate cities. In this study, we investigate how urban environmental attributes – noise, height of buildings, and urban vegetation characteristics – modulate species occurrences and the distribution of functional traits across the streetscape of a tropical metropolis. We predicted diverse trait-environment relationships, but that highly urbanized contexts (e.g., noisy streets with…

Contribution of water soluble ionic species to size-differentiated airborne particulate matter

2009

Opiskelijoiden motivaatio ja siihen vaikuttavat tekijät selkärangattomien peruslajintuntemuksen kurssilla

2017

Lajintuntemustaidot ovat tärkeä bio- ja ympäristötieteiden alojen ammattilaisten osaamisalue. Lajintuntemuksella on myös merkitys osana laajempaa luonnontuntemusta, sillä esimerkiksi ekosysteemien rakenteen ja toiminnan ymmärtäminen ilman lajintuntemusta olisi hankalaa. Lajintuntemustaitojen on todettu heikentyneen luonnontieteiden korkeakouluopiskelijoilla, minkä lisäksi lajintuntemuksen opiskelu korkeakouluissa on todettu yllättävän vaikeaksi. Kaikki opiskelijat eivät koe lajintuntemustaitojen olevan edes tärkeitä tai kiinnostavia. Lajintuntemuksen opiskelua tulisikin kehittää siten, että opiskelijoiden motivaatio paranisi tieteellisesti, sisällöllisesti ja menetelmällisesti laadukkaalla …