Search results for "Spectrum disorder"
showing 10 items of 272 documents
Minor Neurological Dysfunctions (MNDs) in Autistic Children without Intellectual Disability
2018
Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) require neurological evaluation to detect sensory-motor impairment. This will improve understanding of brain function in children with ASD, in terms of minor neurological dysfunctions (MNDs). Methods: We compared 32 ASD children without intellectual disability (IQ ≥ 70) with 32 healthy controls. A standardized and age-specific neurological examination according to Touwen was used to detect the presence of MNDs. Particular attention was paid to severity and type of MNDs. Results: Children with ASD had significantly higher rates of MNDs compared to controls (96.9% versus 15.6%): 81.3% had simple MNDs (p < 0.0001) and 15.6% had comple…
What we learn about bipolar disorder from large-scale neuroimaging
2020
Abstract MRI‐derived brain measures offer a link between genes, the environment and behavior and have been widely studied in bipolar disorder (BD). However, many neuroimaging studies of BD have been underpowered, leading to varied results and uncertainty regarding effects. The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) Bipolar Disorder Working Group was formed in 2012 to empower discoveries, generate consensus findings and inform future hypothesis‐driven studies of BD. Through this effort, over 150 researchers from 20 countries and 55 institutions pool data and resources to produce the largest neuroimaging studies of BD ever conducted. The ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Workin…
Brain Opioid Activity and Oxidative Injury: Different Molecular Scenarios Connecting Celiac Disease and Autistic Spectrum Disorder
2020
Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease triggered by the ingestion of wheat gliadin and related prolamins from other cereals, such as barley and rye. Immunity against these cereal-derived proteins is mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by both innate and adaptive system response in individuals unable to adequately digest them. Peptides generated in this condition are absorbed across the gut barrier, which in these patients is characterized by the deregulation of its permeability. Here, we discuss a possible correlation between CD and Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) pathogenesis. ASD can be induced by an excessive and inappropriate brain opioid activity during the neon…
Influencia del sesgo de género en el diagnóstico de trastorno de espectro autista: una revisión
2018
espanolLa prevalencia del trastorno de espectro autista (TEA) se ha incrementado en los ultimos anos, en parte debido a las mejoras de los metodos de deteccion y en parte a las modi- ficaciones en la definicion que se han ido incorporando a los manuales diagnosticos. Este incremento ha provocado que el indice de prevalencia por genero sea en la actualidad de un 1,4/1, segun algunos autores, o hasta de un 15,7/1 segun otros, con un numero muy superior de varones que reciben el diagnostico en comparacion con el numero de mujeres que lo reciben. Las distintas explicaciones que se han dado a esta cuestion apuntan a unas determinadas diferencias de genero en las manifestaciones sintomaticas del …
Stippled epiphyses in fetal alcohol syndrome.
1990
We report on punctate epiphyseal calcifications (stippled epiphyses) in the fetal alcohol syndrome and present the differential diagnosis of chondrodysplasia punctata. A literature survey shows that epiphyseal calcifications accompanying alcoholic embryopathy are regularly located in the lower limbs and rarely found in the upper extremities.
Poznawczo-behawioralne programy terapeutyczne wykorzystywane w pracy z wymagającymi wsparcia adolescentami z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu (ASD L1…
2020
Artykuł zawiera opis wybranych metod poznawczo-behawioralnych wykorzystywanych w pracy z wymagającą wsparcia młodzieżą z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu (ASD L1). We wstępie opisano pokrótce historię zaburzenia i podstawowe problemy występujące u dzieci i młodzieży ze spektrum zaburzeń autystycznych. W dalszej części przytoczono informacje na temat technik poznawczo-behawioralnych często stosowanych w pracy z tymi adolescentami. Omówiono przykładowe programy treningów umiejętności społecznych: PEERS (Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relationship Skills) oraz MASSI (Multimodal Anxiety and Social Skills Intervention). Przybliżono dwa programy wykorzystywane w pracy nad rozwijaniem…
Communicative skills in Spanish children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Analysis through p…
2018
Background Communicative skills are one of the main deficits experienced by children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The differential diagnosis is a complex issue that clinicians often face. For this reason, this study has two objectives: 1) to analyze the similarities and differences that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and children with ASD present in their linguistic and communicative skills, through parentś perceptions and narrative production; 2) to identify the relative importance of the skills analyzed in discriminating children with ASD versus children with ADHD, as well as the classification power of each of the two measurement methods used. Metho…
Narratives of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis
2016
Abstract Background The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze the narrative performance of children and adolescents with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in terms of microstructure, macrostructure and internal state language. Method A systematic literature search yielded 24 studies that met the predetermined inclusion criteria. Effect sizes for each study were calculated for eight variables and analyzed using a random effects model. Intellectual ability, age and type of narrative were considered as potential moderators. Results Results revealed that the children with ASD performed significantly worse than their peers on all the variables considered. Conclusions Findings a…
Cranio-Facial Characteristics in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
2019
Background: Cranio-facial anomalies frequently occur in neurodevelopmental disorders because both face and brain are derived from neuroectoderm. The identification of differences in the facial phenotype of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may reflect alterations in embryologic brain development in children with ASD. Methods: we evaluated 33 caucasian children with ASD using a 2D computerized photogrammetry. Anthropometric euclidean measurements and landmarks located on the soft tissue of the face and head, were based on five cranio-facial indexes. Relationships between anthropometric z-scores and participant characteristics (i.e., age, Global IQ, severity of autistic symptoms m…
Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia – similarities between the two disorders with a case report of a patient with dual diagnosis
2023
This paper presents the genetic, molecular and neuroanatomical similarities between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia using the case report of a 34-year-old female patient with a previous diagnosis of schizophrenia as an example. As a result of repeat hospitalization, expanded history, psychological testing and verification of persistent symptoms of psychopathology, a cooccurring diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder was made.