Search results for "Spheres"

showing 10 items of 329 documents

Molecular volumes and surfaces of biomacromolecules via GEPOL: A fast and efficient algorithm

1990

A triangular tesselation approach to build up surfaces has been adapted to the study of biomolecules. By using a data-coded generic pentakisdodecahedron each atom is assigned a particular sphere whose radii are chosen according to any suitable property. Different types of surfaces have been adapted to this method: van der Waals, surface accessible, and Richard's molecular surface. A simple method is used to eliminate all triangles found at the intersection volume of the atomic spheres and a fast algorithm is employed to calculate the area of the envelope surface and the volume therein. The data about the surface are given by the coordinates of the center of each triangle, elementary surface…

Models MolecularSurface PropertiesScalar (mathematics)BiophysicsCoordinate vectorColor-codingGeometryBiochemistryPotential energyKineticssymbols.namesakeElectric fieldComputer GraphicssymbolsSPHERESvan der Waals forceGraphicsAlgorithmsMathematicsJournal of Molecular Graphics
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Interaction of Nanometric Clay Platelets

2008

International audience; The free energy of interaction between two nanometric clay platelets immersed in an electrolyte solution has been calculated using Monte Carlo simulations as well as direct integration of the configurational integral. Each platelet has been modeled as a collection of charged spheres carrying a unit chargethe face of a platelet contains negative charges, and the edge, positive charges. The calculations predict that a configuration of “overlapping coins” is the global free energy minimum at intermediate salt concentrations (10−100 mM). A second weaker minimum, corresponding to the well-known “house of cards” configuration, also appears in this salt interval. At low sal…

Monte Carlo method02 engineering and technologyElectrolyte010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencessymbols.namesakeComputational chemistryElectrochemistryTheoretical chemistryGeneral Materials ScienceElasticity (economics)Elastic modulusSpectroscopyChemistrySurfaces and Interfaces021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter PhysicsElectrostatics0104 chemical sciencesCondensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter[ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]Chemical physicssymbolsSPHERESClays[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]van der Waals force0210 nano-technologyFree Energy of Interaction
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Emulsion-based synthesis of PLGA-microspheres for the in vitro expansion of porcine chondrocytes.

2007

Abstract The in vitro cell expansion of autologous chondrocytes is of high interest in regenerative medicine since these cells can be used to treat joint cartilage defects. In order to preserve chondrocyte phenotype, while optimizing adhesion on microspheres, several processing parameters for the microsphere synthesis were varied. In this study three different polylactide-co-glycolides were used with differing lactide–glycolide ratios (85:15 and 50:50) and differing inherent viscosities. An emulsion route was established, where the polymer was dissolved in chloroform and then injected into a stirred polyvinyl alcohol–water solution at different polymer concentrations and different stirring …

Morphology (linguistics)PolymersSurface PropertiesSwinePlga microspheresBioengineeringBiocompatible MaterialsTimechemistry.chemical_compoundChondrocytesPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerCell AdhesionAnimalsLactic AcidParticle SizeMolecular BiologyCells Culturedchemistry.chemical_classificationChloroformWaterPolymerAdhesionHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationIn vitroMicrosphereschemistryVital stainPolyvinyl AlcoholEmulsionEmulsionsPolyglycolic AcidBiotechnologyBiomedical engineeringBiomolecular engineering
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Photon scattering as a probe of microviscosity and channel size in gels such as sickle haemoglobin.

1983

The aggregation of sickle-cell haemoglobin (HbS) is one of the most physiologically important and widely studied macromolecular gelation processes. Both the thermodynamics and kinetics of the process are important in determining the pathological consequences of deoxygenation of the red cells (and both must be understood if a rational strategy is to be developed for pharmacological intervention). We describe here a new and versatile technique for the study of the structure and formation of the HbS aggregates, that should be widely applicable to gel systems generally. We use laser autocorrelation spectroscopy to observe the diffusion of monodisperse polystyrene latex spheres in the interstice…

MultidisciplinaryChemical PhenomenaScatteringChemistryChemistry PhysicalProtein ConformationViscosityDiffusionLasersKineticsDispersityHemoglobin SickleMicrospheresMicroviscosityDiffusionKineticsBiophysicsPhysical chemistryHumansScattering RadiationSpectroscopyDeoxygenationGelsMacromoleculeProtein BindingNature
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ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Size Effect of Co2FeGa-SiO2@C Nanocomposite Particles Prepared by a Chemical Approach.

2011

The title nanocomposite particles are prepared by addition of silica spheres to a dispersion of Fe(NO3)3, CoCl2, and Ga(NO3)3 in MeOH followed by sonication for 1 h and annealing at 850 °C for 5 h under flowing H2.

NanocompositeChemical engineeringChemistryAnnealing (metallurgy)SonicationSPHERESGeneral MedicineChemInform
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The impact of in-situ balloon occlusion of the renal artery and hypothermic perfusion on renal blood flow

1978

Unilateral renal blood flow was evaluated in-situ in 13 dogs by cineangiodensitometry and microsphere distribution studies before and after intermittent balloon occlusion with and without hypothermic perfusion of one kidney. The contralateral kidney served as control. No significant difference in renal blood flow and vascular resistance was noted before, and 5, 30 and 60 minutes after unilateral intra-arterial manipulation. Compartmental flow distribution studies in 5 dogs revealed no evidence of alteration of intra-renal haemodynamics. In a clinical pilot study, unilateral renal blood flow measured by cineangiodensitometry showed no change of clinical significance 5 and 60 minutes after in…

Nephrologymedicine.medical_specialtyUrologyHemodynamicsKidneyRenal Artery ObstructionDogsHypothermia InducedInternal medicinemedicine.arterymedicineAnimalsRenal arteryKidneybusiness.industryHypothermiaMicrospheresPerfusionmedicine.anatomical_structureRegional Blood FlowRenal blood flowVascular resistanceCardiologyCineangiographyVascular Resistancemedicine.symptombusinessPerfusionDensitometryUrological Research
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Compatibility of epirubicin-loaded DC bead™ with different non-ionic contrast media

2016

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the compatibility of epirubicin-loaded DC bead™ with different non-ionic contrast media over a period of seven days when stored light protected under refrigerated conditions. Methods DC bead™ (2 ml) (Biocompatibles UK Ltd) of the bead size 70–150 µm ( = DC bead M1) or bead size 100–300 µm were loaded with 75 mg epirubicin powder formulation (Farmorubicin® dissolved in 3 ml water for injection to a concentration of 25 mg/ml) or 76 mg epirubicin injection solution (Epimedac® 2 mg/ml) within 2 h or 6 h, respectively. After removal of the excess solution, the epirubicin-loaded beads were mixed in polypropylene syringes with an equal volume (∼1.5 ml…

Non ionicChemistry PharmaceuticalDrug CompoundingContrast Media01 natural sciences03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineDrug StabilityMedicinePharmacology (medical)Chromatography High Pressure LiquidEpirubicinPolypropyleneDrug CarriersEpirubicin InjectionChromatographyDrug eluting beadsbusiness.industrySyringes010401 analytical chemistryMicrospheres0104 chemical sciencesOncologychemistry030220 oncology & carcinogenesisCompatibility (mechanics)PowdersbusinessEpirubicinmedicine.drugJournal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice
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Study of Large Hemispherical Photomultiplier Tubes for the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope

2005

The ANTARES neutrino telescope, to be immersed depth in the Mediterranean Sea, will consist of a 3 dimensional matrix of 900 large area photomultiplier tubes housed in pressure resistant glass spheres. The selection of the optimal photomultiplier was a critical step for the project and required an intensive phase of tests and developments carried out in close collaboration with the main manufacturers worldwide. This paper provides an overview of the tests performed by the collaboration and describes in detail the features of the PMT chosen for ANTARES.

Nuclear and High Energy PhysicsPhotomultiplierPhysics - Instrumentation and DetectorsNeutrino detectionNeutrino telescopeFOS: Physical sciences01 natural scienceslarge area photosensor hemispherical photomultiplier neutrino detectionNuclear physicsOpticsIntensive Phase0103 physical sciences14. Life underwater[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]010306 general physicsInstrumentationAstroparticle physicsPhysics010308 nuclear & particles physicsbusiness.industryHemispherical photomultiplierInstrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)Large area photosensorGlass spheresNeutrino detector95.55.Vj; 85.60.HaFísica nuclearbusinesshemispherical photomultiplier; large area photosensor; neutrino detection
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Decline in Coccolithophore Diversity and Impact on Coccolith Morphogenesis Along a Natural CO2 Gradient

2014

A natural pH gradient caused by marine CO2 seeps off Vulcano Island (Italy) was used to assess the effects of ocean acidification on coccolithophores, which are abundant planktonic unicellular calcifiers. Such seeps are used as natural laboratories to study the effects of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems, since they cause long-term changes in seawater carbonate chemistry and pH, exposing the organisms to elevated CO2 concentrations and therefore mimicking future scenarios. Previous work at CO2 seeps has focused exclusively on benthic organisms. Here we show progressive depletion of 27 coccolithophore species, in terms of cell concentrations and diversity, along a calcite saturation …

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateSalinityCommunity composition and diversityinorganicAlkalinityCoccospheres malformedMediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate MedSeATemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHPelagosTemperaturedissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Earth System ResearchmalformedField observationPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateCoccospheresPotentiometricwaterGrowth MorphologyMediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate (MedSeA)Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Calculated using CO2SYSfungiCarbonate system computation flagCoccospheres corrodedFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonBiomass/Abundance/Elemental compositionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airSample IDCarbon dioxidecorrodedEntire communityGrowth/MorphologyPhytoplanktonFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airBiomass Abundance Elemental compositionCoast and continental shelfNumber of species
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Theoretical profiles of the Mg + resonance lines perturbed by collisions with He

2016

International audience; The effects of collision broadening by He are central to understanding the opacity of cool stellar atmospheres. Aims. DZ white dwarfs show metal lines which are, in many cases, believed to come from some rocky material, a remnant of a former exoplanetary system. The analysis of the Mg + resonance lines is a valuable method to determine the chemical abundances in these systems. Methods. Unified profiles of the strongest of the UV lines of Mg + have been calculated in the semi-classical approach using very recent ab initio potential energies. Results. We present the first theoretical line profile calculations of the resonance lines of Mg + that have been perturbed by h…

Opacity[ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]Ab initiochemistry.chemical_elementAstrophysics01 natural sciencesResonance (particle physics)Metal0103 physical sciencesstars: atmospheresAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics010306 general physics010303 astronomy & astrophysicsHeliumAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsLine (formation)white dwarfsPhysicsStellar atmosphereWhite dwarfAstronomy and Astrophysicsline: profileschemistry13. Climate actionSpace and Planetary Sciencevisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumAstrophysics::Earth and Planetary AstrophysicsAtomic physics[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
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