Search results for "Spirometry"
showing 10 items of 203 documents
Characterization of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in dairy farmers
2020
International audience; Background - Although farming is often considered a risk factor for COPD, data regarding the burden and characteristics of COPD in dairy farmers are sparse and conflicting. Objectives - To characterize COPD in dairy farmers. Methods - 4788 subjects entered two parallel COPD screening programs, one in agricultural workers and one in general practice from 2011 to 2015. Subjects with COPD were invited to participate in the characterization phase of the study. Those who accepted were included in two subgroups: dairy farmers with COPD (DF-COPD) (n = 101) and non-farmers with COPD (NF-COPD) (n = 85). Patients with COPD were frequency-matched with subjects with normal spiro…
Genome-wide association study identifies five loci associated with lung function
2009
Pulmonary function measures are heritable traits that predict morbidity and mortality and define chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We tested genome-wide association with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and the ratio of FEV(1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) in the SpiroMeta consortium (n = 20,288 individuals of European ancestry). We conducted a meta-analysis of top signals with data from direct genotyping (n < or = 32,184 additional individuals) and in silico summary association data from the CHARGE Consortium (n = 21,209) and the Health 2000 survey (n < or = 883). We confirmed the reported locus at 4q31 and identified associations with FEV(1) or FEV(1)/FVC and co…
Inspiratory inhibition and rebound activation elicited by intermittent electrical bulbar stimulation in various states of pulmonary afferent vagal ex…
1975
In anesthetized rabbits spirogram and diaphragmatic activity were examined during electrical stimulation of regions of the medulla oblongata. The volleys were triggered by the animal's own respiration. 1. One volley of 120 msec duration at 100 pulses p.s., applied during inspiratory, caused an immediate and transient inhibition of the diaphragmatic activity. After the end of the volley and inspiratory rebound appeared: the tidal volume was increased and the inspiration was prolonged by some 150 msec. The respiratory rate decreased. 2. Continuous low or high frequency electrical stimulation of pulmonary stretch afferents caused an inspiratory or an expiratory effect respectively. In both con…
The bulbar respiratory centre in the rabbit. I. Changes of respiratory parameters caused by intermittent electrical bulbar stimulation during inspira…
1976
In anesthetized rabbits, spirogram and diaphragmatic activity were examined during electrical stimulation of the bulbar lateral reticular formation. The activity of bulbar respiratory neurons was recorded contra-or ipsilaterally to the stimulation site. One volley of repetitive stimuli per breath was delivered during either inspiration or expiration. 1. Each volley of about 120 ms duration at 100 pulses per second, delivered early ininspiration, caused an immediate and transient inhibition of the diaphragmatic activity. An inspiratory, rebound comprising lengthening of inspiration and increase in tidal volume occurred. a) “Inspiratory” and “expiratory-inspiratory” phase-spanning neurons exh…
Espirometría forzada en preescolares sanos bajo las recomendaciones de la ATS/ERS: estudio CANDELA
2009
Resumen: Introducción: actualmente no existen valores de referencia de espirometría forzada en preescolares sanos obtenidos según las recomendaciones publicadas por la American Thoracic Society (ATS) y la European Respiratory Society (ERS) en 2007. El objetivo del estudio es establecer valores espirométricos de referencia en niños preescolares sanos entre los 2 y los 7 años, según recomendaciones ATS/ERS. Material y método: estudio nacional, multicéntrico, descriptivo y transversal, en niños sanos de ambos sexos, mayores de 2 años y menores de 7. Las espirometrías forzadas se realizaron en laboratorios de función pulmonar de las 9 unidades de neumología pediátrica participantes. Los técnico…
Effect of cigarette smoking on airway responsiveness to adenosine 5'-monophosphate in subjects with allergic rhinitis.
2003
Study objectives: The objective of this study was to determine differences in airway responsiveness to adenosine 5-monophosphate (AMP) between smokers and nonsmokers with allergic rhinitis. Methods: A total of 41 adults with allergic rhinitis (16 smokers and 25 nonsmokers) were challenged with increasing concentrations of methacholine and AMP. Airflow was assessed after each concentration, and the response to each bronchoconstrictor agent was measured by the provocative concentration required to produce a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20). Results: The geometric mean PC20 AMP values were significantly lower in smokers than in nonsmokers: 72.4 mg/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.9 to 154.9) vs 204…
Relationship between airway sensitivity to adenosine 5' monophosphate and the shape of the concentration-response curve to methacholine in subjects w…
2001
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine differences in airway sensitivity to adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) between allergic rhinitis subjects with plateau and those without evidence of plateau on the concentration–response curves to methacholine. A total of 51 adults (38 subjects with allergic rhinitis and 13 healthy controls) were challenged with increasing concentrations of methacholine and AMP. The methacholine challenge was terminated when there was a 40% or more decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV 1 ), whereas the AMP challenge was stopped when FEV 1 had fallen by more than 20%. A plateau for methacholine was detected in all 13 healthy controls and in 27…
Effect of age upon airway obstruction and reversibility in adult patients with asthma.
1998
In a cross-sectional study we evaluated the effect of aging (separately from that of duration of disease) on airway obstruction and reversibility by comparing two groups of non-smoker patients with asthma.We compared two groups of patients: group A, which had 50 subjects (8 men and 42 women) aged 59.7+/-4.6 years (mean +/- SD), and group B, comprised of 51 subjects (19 men and 32 women) who were 35.7+/-7.4 years old. The groups were selected because of comparable baseline degree of obstruction (FEV1 % of predicted, 67.8+/-20.3 in group A; 73.0+/-19.6 in group B, NS) and duration of the disease (14.0+/-11.7 years vs 11.2+/-9.1, NS). Spirometric examination, with a bronchodilator test, was pe…
Modifications of airway responsiveness to adenosine 5'-monophosphate and exhaled nitric oxide concentrations after the pollen season in subjects with…
2002
s: To determine the effect of cessation of exposure to pollen on airway responsiveness to adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) in subjects with pollen-induced rhinitis, and to explore the relationship between changes in airway responsiveness and changes in exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) levels.Subjects were studied during the pollen season and out of season.Specialist allergy unit in a university hospital.Fourteen subjects without asthma with pollen-induced rhinitis who showed bronchoconstriction in response to methacholine and AMP during the pollen season and 10 healthy nonatopic control subjects.In subjects with pollen-induced rhinitis, ENO concentrations, provocative concentration of agonist cau…
Airway distensibility by HRCT in asthmatics and COPD with comparable airway obstruction.
2013
Introduction: Decreased airway distensibility (AD) in response to deep inspirations, as assessed by HRCT, has been associated with the severity of asthma and COPD. Aims: The current study was designed to compare the magnitude of AD by HRCT in individuals with asthma and COPD with comparable degrees of bronchial obstruction, and to explore factors that may influence it. Results: We enrolled a total of 12 asthmatics (M/F:7/5) and 8 COPD (7/1) with comparable degree of bronchial obstruction (FEV1% predicted mean±SEM: 69.1 ± 5.2% and 61.2 ± 5.0%, respectively; p = 0.31). Each subject underwent chest HRCT at FRC and at TLC. A total of 701 airways (range 20 to 38 airway per subject; 2.0 to 23.1 m…