Search results for "Standard"
showing 10 items of 3299 documents
ECOFUN-MICROBIODIV : an FP7 European project to estimate the ecotoxicological impact of low dose pesticide application in agriculture on soil functio…
2013
Soil is hosting a tremendous microbial diversity playing a key-role in a number of soil ecosystemic services including nutrient cycling and filtering. ln the European Soil Framework Directive pesticides are clearly marked as one of the major threats for soil biodiversity and functioning. ln orcier to guarantee minimum effects of pesticide application on soil microbes, pesticicleregistration at EU level (Regulation 2006/388) consiclers the toxicity of pesticides ontci non targefsoil microbes by relying on carbon- and nitrcigen-mineralization tests (OECO 216, 217). However tnese tests do not provicle a comprehensive assessment of pesticides onto soil microbes.-ECOFUN-MICROBIODIV was a project…
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)
2016
Seuls les 100 premiers auteurs dont les auteurs INRA ont été entrés dans la notice. La liste complète des auteurs et de leurs affiliations est accessible sur la publication.; International audience; In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues…
TRIPS Agreement: From Minimum Standards to Double Standards of Intellectual Property Rights Protection in North-South Relations
2015
The WTO Trips agreement's basic objective of establishing minimum international standards for IP rights protection is based on a restrictive " one-fits-all " approach that denies the right to enact or not to enact intellectual property rights provisions to developing countries and least developed countries and restrict their ability to effectively adapt national laws to their own socioeconomic environment and development level. Developed countries had widely benefited from this privilege when no minimum binding standards of intellectual property existed in multilateral relations. The Trips agreement stabilizes the strong inequalities in terms of bargaining power between rich and poor countr…
Logiques non-standard
2009
Les standards européens. Une disparition programmée de la « langue claire et entendible » au profit de normes volontairement indéterminées ?
2018
International audience; Le Conseil d’État et la doctrine juridique française, déplorent depuis plusieurs années, une dégradation de la qualité du droit.Toutefois, plongés dans le processus d’intégration européenne, il nous semble nécessaire d’interroger l’introduction en droit interne d’uninstrument juridique très utilisé par l’ordre juridique communautaire et souvent « peu évoqué. Il s’agit […] d’un type particulier de notionsindéterminées a priori : les standards juridiques. » (Bernard, 2010 : 2). Le droit européen, de vocation constructiviste, génère en effet uneterminologie caractérisée comme « floue » (Delmas-Marty, 1986), dont le standard est un cas d’école. Ce dernier, entendu comme …
Application of a simple algorithm to estimate daily evapotranspiration from NOAA–AVHRR images for the Iberian Peninsula
2007
International audience; Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key process in land surface–atmosphere studies. It mainly depends on water availability and incoming solar radiation and then reflects the interactions between surface water processes and climate. In this paper, a methodology for retrieving ET from low spatial resolution remote sensing data is presented. It is based on the evaporative fraction concept, and it has been applied to Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AHVRR) data acquired over the Iberian Peninsula. The methodology does not require other data than the data provided by the satellite and may be applied to areas with almost spatially constant atmospheric conditions and whi…
Gas sensors arrays (electronic noses) : a study about the speed/accuracy ratio
2000
Abstract New Fingerprint Mass Spectra (FMS) systems claim for a higher precision, a reduced analysis time, and a lower drift, compared with Gas Sensors Arrays ‘Electronic Noses’. We demonstrated in this study that metal oxide gas sensors may have highly improved performances for both accuracy and run time, when used in optimum conditions. The different noise components were quantified referring to popular words (equivalent of ethanol concentration) using the transfer function of the sensor. It was pointed out that sample surrounding greatly affects the noise level, and that the signal-to-noise ratio may be dramatically increased, reducing the distortion generally assessed between sensor and…
Performances of neural networks for deriving LAI estimates from existing CYCLOPES and MODIS products
2008
International audience; This paper evaluates the performances of a neural network approach to estimate LAI from CYCLOPES and MODIS nadir normalized reflectance and LAI products. A data base was generated from these products over the BELMANIP sites during the 2001-2003 period. Data were aggregated at 3 km x 3 km, resampled at 1/16 days temporal frequency and filtered to reject outliers. VEGETATION and MODIS reflectances show very consistent values in the red, near infrared and short wave infrared bands. Neural networks were trained over part of this data base for each of the 6 MODIS biome classes to retrieve both MODIS and CYCLOPES LAI products. Results show very good performances of neural …
Displaying morally responsible motherhood : lone mothers accounting for work during non-standard hours
2020
This study examined how lone mothers rationalise their work during non-standard hours (e.g., evenings and weekends), which they perceive as problematic in terms of child wellbeing, and thereby as violating the culturally shared moral order of ‘good’ motherhood. The data comprise interviews with 16 Finnish lone mothers, analysed as accounts, with a special focus on their linguistic features. The mothers displayed morally responsible motherhood through: (1) excusing work during non-standard hours as an external demand; (2) appealing to an inability to act according to good mothering ideals; (3) using adaptive strategies to protect child wellbeing; and (4) challenging the idea of risk. Our fin…
Nestandarta pareizrakstība Instagram sludinājumos
2020
Tā kā patērētāju attieksme un cerības ir mainījušās, tradicionālā reklāmdošana ir zaudējusi daļu savas pievilcības un vērtības, liekot reklāmdevējiem meklēt jaunu pieeju. Tiešsaistes reklāmas ir īpaši efektīvas un populāras tādu sociālo mediju vietnēs kā Instagram, kas iesaista auditoriju komunikācijā un nodibina attiecības ar reklāmdevēju. Lai gan attēli ir nozīmīga daļa Instagram reklāmās, arī pievienotie ziņojumi ir svarīgi un bieži vien satur nestandarta pareizrakstību. Šī darba mērķis ir izpētīt nestandarta pareizrakstības lietojumu, nozīmi un funkcijas tiešsaistes reklāmās sociālo mediju vietnē Instagram, izmantojot diskursa analīzi kā galveno pētījuma metodi. Kvalitatīvā un kvantitat…