Search results for "Starch"
showing 10 items of 182 documents
Enzyme-Responsive Intracellular Controlled Release Using Nanometric Silica Mesoporous Supports Capped with "Saccharides"
2010
The synthesis of new capped silica mesoporous nanoparticles for on-command delivery applications is described. The gate-like functional hybrid systems consisted of nanoscopic MCM-41-based materials functionalized on the pore outlets with different “saccharide” derivatives and a dye contained in the mesopores. A series of hydrolyzed starch products as saccharides were selected. The mesoporous silica nanoparticles S1, S2, and S3 containing the grafted starch derivatives Glucidex 47, Gludicex 39, and Glucidex 29 were synthesized. Additionally, for comparative purposes solid S4 containing lactose was prepared. Delivery studies in pure water in the presence of pancreatin or -D-galactosidase were…
Apparent interfacial shear strength of short-flax-fiber/starch acetate composites
2016
Abstract The paper deals with an indirect industry-friendly method for identification of the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) in a fully bio-based composite. The IFSS of flax fiber/starch acetate is evaluated by a modified Bowyer and Bader method based on an analysis of the stress–strain curve of a short-fiber-reinforced composite in tension. A shear lag model is developed for the tensile stress–strain response of short-fiber-reinforced composites allowing for an elastic-perfectly plastic stress transfer. Composites with different fiber volume fractions and a variable content of plasticizer have been analyzed. The apparent IFSS of flax/starch acetate is within the range of 5.5–20.5 MPa, de…
Higher Fluid Balance Increases the Risk of Death From Sepsis: Results From a Large International Audit
2017
Contains fulltext : 177598.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) OBJECTIVES: Excessive fluid therapy in patients with sepsis may be associated with risks that outweigh any benefit. We investigated the possible influence of early fluid balance on outcome in a large international database of ICU patients with sepsis. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: Seven hundred and thirty ICUs in 84 countries. PATIENTS: All adult patients admitted between May 8 and May 18, 2012, except admissions for routine postoperative surveillance. For this analysis, we included only the 1,808 patients with an admission diagnosis of sepsis. Patients were stratified according to quartiles of cumulative f…
Impact of konjac glucomannan on interactions aroma compound - potato starch in a hydrated gel
2016
The objective of this study is to demonstrate that the presence of konjac glucomannan (KGM) in a potato starch matrix enhances its physical stability without inhibiting the molecular encapsulation of aroma compounds by amylose. For that purpose, the two selected polysaccharides are from plant tubers, abundant in nature.Starch is known to interact with volatile compounds either by trapping in amorphous phase or by forming inclusion complexes. This phenomenon is called molecular encapsulation. However, at high water content, these starchy matrices exhibit syneresis that can be harmful to the stability of the aroma compounds trapping over time. KGM has the ability to form highly viscous soluti…
Small volume resuscitation with tempol is detrimental during uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in rats.
2005
In a previous study, titration of a hypertonic saline (HTS) solution during severe uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (UHS) failed to reduce mortality. In a separate study, a novel antioxidant, polynitroxylated albumin (PNA) plus tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl), infused during shock increased long-term survival. We hypothesized that combining potent antioxidants with a hypertonic solution during UHS would preserve the logistical advantage of small volume resuscitation and improve survival.An UHS outcome model in rats was used. UHS phase I (90 min) included blood withdrawal of 30 ml/kg over 15 min, followed by tail amputation for uncontrolled bleeding. At 20 min, rats wer…
Titrated hypertonic/hyperoncotic solution for hypotensive fluid resuscitation during uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in rats.
2002
In volume- or pressure-controlled hemorrhagic shock (HS) a bolus intravenous infusion of hypertonic/hyperoncotic solution (HHS) proved beneficial compared to isotonic crystalloid solutions. During uncontrolled HS in animals, however, HHS by bolus increased blood pressure unpredictably, and increased blood loss and mortality. We hypothesized that a titrated i.v. infusion of HHS, compared to titrated lactated Ringer's solution (LR), for hypotensive fluid resuscitation during uncontrolled HS reduces fluid requirement, does not increase blood loss, and improves survival.We used our three-phased uncontrolled HS outcome model in rats. HS phase I began with blood withdrawal of 3 ml/100g over 15 mi…
Effects of a single-dose hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch on cerebral blood flow, long-term outcome, neurogenesis, and neuronal survival after c…
2012
The beneficial effects of hypertonic saline on neuronal survival and on cerebral blood flow have been shown in several animal models of global and focal brain ischemia. Because of the potential benefits of hypertonic solutions, it is hypothesized that hydroxyethyl starch enhances cerebral blood flow and improves long-term outcome after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an animal model.Laboratory animal study.University animal research laboratory.Fifty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats.Rats were randomized to receive either 7.2% saline/6% hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch (4 mL/kg) or vehicle (NaCl 0.9 %) after 9 mins of asphyxic cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscita…
Effects of hypertonic/hyperoncotic treatment after rat cortical vein occlusion*
2003
Objective To examine the effects of hypertonic/hyperoncotic treatment on physiologic variables and regional cerebral blood flow and to test its neuroprotective efficiency in a model of permanent venous ischemia. Design Randomized prospective study. Setting University research institute. Subjects Adult male Wistar rats, weighing 359 +/- 54 g (n = 38). Interventions Rats were subjected to photochemical occlusion of two adjacent cortical veins. A randomized infusion with vehicle (0.9% NaCl), 10% hydroxyethyl starch 200,000 (HES), or 7.5% saline plus 10% hydroxyethyl starch 200,000 (HHES) was started 30 mins after two-vein occlusion. Effects on physiologic variables and regional cerebral blood …
Fluid challenges in intensive care: the FENICE study: a global inception cohort study
2015
Background: Fluid challenges (FCs) are one of the most commonly used therapies in critically ill patients and represent the cornerstone of hemodynamic management in intensive care units. There are clear benefits and harms from fluid therapy. Limited data on the indication, type, amount and rate of an FC in critically ill patients exist in the literature. The primary aim was to evaluate how physicians conduct FCs in terms of type, volume, and rate of given fluid; the secondary aim was to evaluate variables used to trigger an FC and to compare the proportion of patients receiving further fluid administration based on the response to the FC. Methods: This was an observational study conducted i…
An early bolus of hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch improves long-term outcome after global cerebral ischemia.
2006
Objective: The beneficial effect of hypertonic saline solutions in the emergency treatment of shock and traumatic brain injury is well described. The present study determines effects of a single bolus of hypertonic saline on long-term survival, neurologic function, and neuronal survival 10 days after global cerebral ischemia. In addition, we evaluated the therapeutic window for hypertonic saline treatment (early vs. delayed application). Design: Laboratory experiment. Setting: University laboratory. Subjects: Male Wistar rats weighing 240‐330 g. Interventions: Rats were submitted to temporal global cerebral ischemia using temporary bilateral carotid occlusion combined with hypobaric hypoten…