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showing 10 items of 8943 documents
The effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing hospitalisations of elderly individuals in two influenza seasons: a multicentre case-control…
2017
Influenza vaccination may limit the impact of influenza in the community. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing hospitalisation in individuals aged ≥ 65 years in Spain. A multicentre case–control study was conducted in 20 Spanish hospitals during 2013/14 and 2014/15. Patients aged ≥ 65 years who were hospitalised with laboratory-confirmed influenza were matched with controls according to sex, age and date of hospitalisation. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated by multivariate conditional logistic regression. A total of 728 cases and 1,826 matched controls were included in the study. Overall VE was 36% (95% confidence inte…
Hereditary prostate cancer – Primetime for genetic testing?
2019
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most common cancer in men. The proportion of all PCa attributable to high-risk hereditary factors has been estimated to 5-15%. Recent landmark discoveries in PCa genetics led to the identification of germline mutations/alterations (eg. BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM or HOXB13), single nucleotide polymorphisms or copy number variations associated with PCa incidence and progression. However, offering germline testing to men with an assumed hereditary component is currently controversial. In the present review article, we provide an overview about the epidemiology and the genetic basis of PCa predisposition and critically discuss the significance and consequence in the cli…
New insights into the genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma based on meta-analyses of intraocular pressure and optic disc characteristics
2017
Item does not contain fulltext Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common optic neuropathy, is a heritable disease. Siblings of POAG cases have a ten-fold increased risk of developing the disease. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic nerve head characteristics are used clinically to predict POAG risk. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of IOP and optic disc parameters and validated our findings in multiple sets of POAG cases and controls. Using imputation to the 1000 genomes (1000G) reference set, we identified 9 new genomic regions associated with vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR) and 1 new region associated with IOP. Additionally, we found 5 novel loci for optic ne…
Repurposing of the Antiepileptic Drug Levetiracetam to Restrain Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer and Inhibit Mast Cell Support to Adenocarcinoma
2021
A relevant fraction of castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC) evolve into fatal neuroendocrine (NEPC) tumors in resistance to androgen deprivation and/or inhibitors of androgen receptor pathway. Therefore, effective drugs against both CRPC and NEPC are needed. We have previously described a dual role of mast cells (MCs) in prostate cancer, being capable to promote adenocarcinoma but also to restrain NEPC. This finding suggests that a molecule targeting both MCs and NEPC cells could be effective against prostate cancer. Using an in silico drug repurposing approach, here we identify the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam as a potential candidate for this purpose. We found that the protein…
Moving Towards Precision Urologic Oncology: Targeting Enzalutamide-resistant Prostate Cancer and Mutated Forms of the Androgen Receptor Using the Nov…
2017
Abstract Darolutamide (ODM-201) is a novel androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with a chemical structure distinctly different from currently approved AR antagonists that targets both wild-type and mutated ligand binding domain variants to inhibit AR nuclear translocation. Here, we evaluate the activity of darolutamide in enzalutamide-resistant castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as well as in AR mutants detected in patients after treatment with enzalutamide, abiraterone, or bicalutamide. Darolutamide significantly inhibited cell growth and AR transcriptional activity in enzalutamide-resistant MR49F cells in vitro, and led to decreased tumor volume and serum prostate-specific antigen l…
Genetic deletion of osteopontin in TRAMP mice skews prostate carcinogenesis from adenocarcinoma to aggressive human-like neuroendocrine cancers
2015
// Giorgio Mauri 1 , Elena Jachetti 1 , Barbara Comuzzi 1 , Matteo Dugo 2 , Ivano Arioli 1 , Silvia Miotti 1 , Sabina Sangaletti 1 , Emma Di Carlo 3, 4 , Claudio Tripodo 5 , Mario P. Colombo 1 1 Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy 2 Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy 3 Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100, Chieti, Italy 4 Ce.S.I. Aging Research Center, “G…
The clinical relevance of adiposity when assessing muscle health in men treated with androgen deprivation for prostate cancer
2019
Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) may prospectively decrease absolute lean mass (LM) and increase absolute fat mass (FM). Given that estimates of LM by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry may be overestimated in obese people, this study examined the influence of adiposity on muscle health in men treated with ADT for PCa. Methods: This cross‐sectional study examined the influence of adiposity on total and appendicular LM (ALM), muscle cross‐sectional (CSA), and muscle strength in 70 men treated with ADT [mean (standard deviation) age, 71 (6) years] for PCa compared with age‐matched PCa (n = 52) and healthy controls (n = 70). Total body LM, FM and ALM, and …
Blood zinc levels and cognitive and functional evaluation in non-demented older patients.
2018
A complete battery of geriatric and psychometric tests was used to determine whether plasma-borne zinc (Zn), a key ion in neuroplasticity, can be associated with the severity of functional, psychological and cognitive impairment in non-demented older individuals. There was a significant positive correlation between plasma Zn levels and the concentration subcategory measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test (p 0.001), but not the total MMSE score, and the levels were significantly reduced in polymedicated patients (defined as concurrent administration of5 drugs). No correlations were found between plasma Zn levels and depressive symptoms measured with the Yesavage scale fo…
How do skeletal morbidity rate and special toxicities affect 12-week versus 4-week schedule zoledronic acid efficacy? A systematic review and a meta-…
2019
Abstract Background Zoledronic Acid is a bisphosphonate used in a 4-week schedule for the treatment of bone metastases. Some randomized trials supported its role also when administered every 12 weeks. Methods we performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis in order to evaluate the two different schedules in terms of skeletal morbidity rate (SMR), skeletal related events (SRE) and adverse events (AEs). Results our results showed a clinical difference favouring the 12-week schedule in terms of AEs (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06–1.29). No signifcant differences were found for SMR (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.84–1.13) and SRE (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.89–1.16). Conclusions Our findings support in clinical practice …
Associations between cardiovascular disease, cancer, and very low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the REasons for Geographical and Racial Dif…
2018
AbstractAimsRelatively little is known about the health outcomes associated with very low plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) mainly because of the small numbers of individuals with such extreme values included in clinical trials. We, therefore, investigated the association between low and very low HDL-C concentration at baseline and incident all-cause-mortality, death from malignant disease (i.e. cancer), and with fatal or non-fatal incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in individuals from the Reasons for Geographical And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.Methods and resultsAnalysis was based on 21 751 participants from the REGARDS study who wer…