Search results for "State"
showing 10 items of 9165 documents
Investor-state dispute settlement - podstępne zagrożenie dla sprawnego działania administracji publicznej
2017
ISDS (investor-state dispute settlement, znany także jako ICS - investment court system) to umowny mechanizm rozstrzygania sporów między inwestorem a państwem. Polega on na możliwości zaskarżenia państwa przez przedsiębiorcę (inwestora) do arbitrażu wówczas, gdy państwo wydaje lub wykorzystuje przepisy ograniczające zyski przedsiębiorstwa (praktyki dyskryminujące). Arbitrami ISDS jest kilkunastu sowicie opłacanych prawników, pracujących dla wielkich kancelarii międzynarodowych, którzy niemal nigdy nie orzekają na korzyść państwa. Przedsiębiorca może żądać wysokiego odszkodowania: nie tylko zwrotu utraconych korzyści, lecz także spodziewanych zysków, których wysokości nie musi nawet drobiazg…
Observation of the Early Structural Changes Leading to the Formation of Protein Superstructures.
2014
Formation of superstructures in protein aggregation processes has been indicated as a general pathway for several proteins, possibly playing a role in human pathologies. There is a severe lack of knowledge on the origin of such species in terms of both mechanisms of formation and structural features. We use equine lysozyme as a model protein, and by combining spectroscopic techniques and microscopy with X-ray fiber diffraction and ab initio modeling of Small Angle X-ray Scattering data, we isolate the partially unfolded state from which one of these superstructures (i.e., particulate) originates. We reveal the low-resolution structure of the unfolded state and its mechanism of formation, hi…
Codification of the civil law in the 19th century United States
2021
“A code, or not a code—that is the question!”. Many countries asked themselves that very question. In the United-States that question was asked during the American codification movement, and answered, in chronological, with the civil codes of Louisiana from 1808, 1825; the Code of Georgia from 1862; the Revised Civil Code of Louisiana of 1870, the Civil Code of California of 1872, the Civil Code of Dakota Territory of 1872, the Revised Code of North Dakota of 1895, the Civil Code of Montana of 1895, and the Revised Code of South Dakota of 1903. One other civil code in is the Field Civil Code, also called the 1860 Project of Civil Code for the state of New York. Even though it was never adop…
Economic History of the United States
2019
How did the United States of America arrive where it is today? Growing from an extremely poor and sparsely populated land into the wealthiest nation on earth, USA is a colonial success story. But there is more to the story than economic growth; poverty, inequality, racial conflict, declining fertility, violence, and economic instability are outcomes of economic decisions that were made in the past. During this course we will go over the characteristics, the main facts of the US economy that can be credited for its exceptional historic economic growth with an eye to understand its current economic conditions. We will break down the individual components of the US economy that have contribute…
Sprawozdanie finansowe jednostki mikro a potrzeby informacyjne użytkowników
2016
W związku z implementacją zapisów nowej dyrektywy rachunkowości nr 2013/34/UE celem artykułu jest prezentacja zmian wprowadzonych w nowelizacji ustawy o rachunkowości z dnia 11 lipca 2014 roku. Autorka określa ich wpływ na zakres oraz wartość informacyjną uproszczonego sprawozdania finansowego jednostki mikro w aspekcie potrzeb ich użytkowników. Jednostki mikro są nowo powstałą kategorią podmiotów, która została wprowadzona do regulacji krajowych w związku z implementacją dyrektywy 2013/34/UE. Do rozwiązania przedstawionego problemu badawczego wykorzystano metodę analizy treści regulacji prawnych (krajowych i międzynarodowych) oraz metody porównań i wnioskowania. Wprowadzone zmiany w znowel…
Changes in the receptor profile of the lower urinary tract in the aging male
2004
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of th e most common effects of aging in men. Epidemiologists estimate that about one quarter of all men over 50 years of age suffer from BPH-derived voiding symptoms. Future demographic developments, with higher relative shares of older people, will increase the socioeconomic impact of this disease. Polder et al. (1994) calculated for the Netherlands that the treatment costs of BPH will double by 2035. Office visits for BPH related symptoms increased in the USA from 1.4 million in 1990 to 6 million in 1995, reflecting the increased public awareness of the problem and the increased desire for treatment (Kaplan et al. 1996).
La ville, la raison et le rêve : entre théorie et utopie
1997
International audience
The meaningfulness of two curriculum-based national tests of English as a foreign language
2022
This paper addresses the aspect of the meaningfulness of a national assessment in English as a foreign language, applying the fairness framework proposed by Kunnan (2018). We compared students’ performance on two receptive language skills of listening and reading on two subsequent national evaluations in Finland, taken by students at the end of compulsory basic education and at the end of general upper secondary education, respectively. The research questions focus on (1) the relationship between students’ performance on the two tests and their gender, language of schooling and parents’ educational level, and (2) the relationship between the students’ receptive language proficiency at the e…
Formation of Professional Ethos of Executive Public Officials in Latvia, Denmark and Finland
2013
Doktora darba priekšmets ir valsts pārvaldes amatpersonu profesionālā ētosa veidošanās Latvijā, Dānijā un Somijā. Valsts pārvaldes amatpersonu ētoss ir definēts kā šai profesionālai lomai specifiskas normatīvas orientācijas, kas tiek brīvprātīgi pieņemtas kā uzvedības imperatīvi. Valsts amatpersonu profesionālā ētosa veidošanās izpēte ir svarīga, jo tādā veidā var izskaidrot valsts sektora pakļautību korupcijas riskam vai imunitāti pret to. Izpētes mērķis ir bijis identificēt profesionālā ētosa veidošanās sociālos mehānismus uz trīs valstu – Latvijas, Dānijas un Somijas – piemēriem. Darbā tiek pielietota vēsturiskās socioloģijas pieeja un kvalitatīvo pētījumu metode. Pētījuma rezultātu anal…
Beware of the “poverty migrant”: media discourses on EU labour migration and the welfare state in Germany and the UK
2021
Abstract This article examines the role of the media in the EU freedom of movement debate through the lens of high-circulation German and UK newspapers during the first half of 2014. It explores how the media problematised migration from Eastern European member states and its influence on national host country labour markets and welfare systems. It also analyses how different media outlets positioned themselves in relation to relevant policies or policy proposals. The findings show that most articles in our sample present low-skill, low-wage working European Union (EU) migrant class referred to as “poverty migrants” as a problem to be addressed at the policy level in contrast with the econo…